Carolinian Pine Barren-Strand District. 441 
water level, islands are formed upon which grow Pinus caribaea, P. NETDURE, Serenoa serrulata. 
These islands are surrounded by swamps in which odium imbricarium and Pinus cari- 
baea are dominant, the pine dissappearing when ie pond muck is Pareo or Sie feet uk 
 Beneath the trees in the sphagnum ie Woodwardia er; Sarracenia 
whi 
va 8 
psittacina. The trees are draped wit andsia usneoid le Andromeda hiigreifolie 
ascends the trees to a height of 30 feet by insinuating stems N ei outer and inner layers 
of the bark. Where the ee bottom lies six feet below the water level wet savannas (prairies) 
rmed in which the of the vegetation consists of Panicum digitarioides, Orontium, 
et Nymphaea re while the surface is marked by cypress clumps with evergreen 
vines and shrubs called ‘houses’ because hunters camp in them. 
White Cedar Swamp Formation. This formation usually known lo- 
cally as juniper swamp is most characteristically developed in the outer portion 
of the Great Dismal Swamp. The prevailing tree is the white cedar, Chamae- 
cyparis thyoides (= sphacroidea). The cedar swamp is usually not so wet as 
the black gum swamp and it has a substratum ofa red brown peat composed 
largely of the stems, leaves and roots of Chamaecyparis and often buried logs 
in a remarkable state of preservation. Where undisturbed it forms pure asso- 
ciations consisting besides of Magnolia glauca, Persea, Ilex opaca, Acer rubrum, 
Nyssa, as subordinate species. On somewhat higher ground Ouercus agua- 
tica (= O. nigra), O. Michauxiü, Fagus americana invade land formerly occu- 
pied by white cedar. 
4. Swamps and Marshes. 
Arundinaria (Canebrake) Association. In the open parts of the 
swamps is the canebrake which covers extensive areas often in nearly pure 
association where the shrubby growth has not secured the upper hand’). The 
cane Arundinaria macrosperma grows to a height of two meters (over 6 feet) 
although along ditches it may grow taller. The plant spreads rapidiy by means 
of its creeping, much branched rhizomes. 
Woodwardia-Sphagnum-Association. The open parts of swamps 
are not always canebrake, occasionally a large fern Woodwardia virginica 
prevails usually on low tussocks surrounded by standing water. The fronds 
often measure four feet (12 dm.). Associated with this fern are: Zriophorum 
virginicum, Calopogon pulchellus, which with the fern grow out of a bed of 
Sphagnum cymbifolium var. glaucescens and its form squarrulosa. 
he large swamps in Florida lying generally along the low pine land have 
a peculiar flora.. These swamps are known locally as “bayheads”. A large 
number of trees of Magnolia glauca, occur in them associated with Andromeda 
nitida, Leucothoe racemosa, Gordonia lasianthus with Smilax laurifolia climbing 
over all the shrubs and bushes. Here and there are open places where sphag- 
num grows in quantity and Ufrzcularia fibrosa, Peltandra sagittaefolia, while 
Andropogon brachystachyus is locally distributed in the vicinity and is found no 
where else. 
1) KEARNEY, 1. c. p. 427- 
