450 Part IV. Chapter 2. 
mantle of loose white sands the long leaf pine becomes stunted and is re- 
placed by Ouercus cinerea and Catesbaet, trees below medium size, and among 
the latter Vaccinium stamineum, V. myrsinites, Gaylussacia dumosa, Asimina 
parviflora, Ceratiola ericoides the latter extending to the Mississippi. 
oor of these open pine forests owing to the abundant and evenly 
distributed rainfall is covered with a <arpet of grasses and other herbs, mostly 
perennials ’). 
Pine Barren Flat Formation. The oldest strata of the post-Tertiary bade 
of loose sands and compact more or less aluminous clays toward the northern 
limit of the pine barrens of Alabama reach the surface. The higher levels 
include tracts of badly drained barrens underlaid by the older strata flooded 
after every heavy rain, droughty during hot and dry weather. On these flat 
Pinus caribaea (= P. heterophylla = P. cubensis), reaches its northern limit. 
Excepting ex glabra scarcely any tree or shrub shades the ground, but 
herbaceous plants clothe the extremely poor soil, viz., Andropogon virginicus, 
Anthaenantia rufa, Paspalum glabratum, Panicum yolrancker. Sabbatia gracilis 
and chloroides, Helenium brevifolium, Rhexia mariana, stricta, and Cynoctonum 
sessihifolium. 
Similar flats in Texas are frequently covered with a dense Rn of large shrubs and small 
sized trees consisting of Crataegus crus-galli, C. viridis, C. mollis, C. berberidifolia, Ilex deeidua, 
Ilex caroliniana, Forestiera (Adelia) acuminata, Plateus aesicäutelis and magnolias. These im- 
penetmbe thickets are common. 
aria-Assoeiation. In men shallow pools in the dry pine barren formation 
occur Sagt Chapmanii, S. eyclopte 
arracenia-Association. In many localities the declivities of the table-lands are per- 
petually vi with water which oozes from the nn silicious strata immediately ee the 
impervious clay and the en are clothed with Sphagnum macrophyllum, S. imbrica 
var. cristatum, S. recurvum, Lycopodium mi a ur R. oe R. rari- 
ora, R. oligantha, Eleocharis alla Calopogon pallidum, Juncus trigonocarpus, Lophiola aurea, 
Eriocaulon decangulare, Drosera intermedia, Traeyi2), Utricularia juncea, U. subulata, Sarracenia 
purpurea, S. psittacina, Sabbatia RER? e above ge en plants (Sarracenia) 
rest their leaves on the water-soaked peat moss. Sarracenia Drummondii, $. rubra with erect leaves 
undant on the black a soil which covers the undulations wei the impervious aluminous 
Er and compacted sand pre 
Cypress-White Cedar Swamp Formation. This formation occupies the 
damp or wet, more or less sandy banks of the numerous streams of the Gulf 
coastal plain. Ouwercus laurifolia, O. aquatica (= Q. nigra), Magnolia grandi- 
flora, Pinus caribaea (= P. heterophylla — P. cubensis), Taeda, mitis (= P. echi- 
nata), Taxodium imbricarium, Chamaecyparis thyoides largely prevail over 
Nyssa biflora, Acer rubrum and Liquidambar styracifiua (see p. 448). Among 
the trees of smaller size and shrubs which form a dense ee are 
1) Tracy, S. M.: Report upon the forage Plants and forage Resources of the Gulf States 
Bulletin. 15, U.S. a of Agrostology 1898, p. 12. 
2) This plant up to 1905 had been called Drosera filiformis Raf., but Dr. J. M. MACFARLANE 
has shown it to be distinet and named it D. Tracyi for Prof. Tracy of Biloxi, Miss. 
