460 Part IV. Chapter 2. 
north of the longleaf pine belt where it is most abundant and reaches 
its greatest perfection. In Arkansas in the hilly country Pinus mitis forms a 
large part of the tree covering of the silicious rocky soil and frequently exten- 
sive forests on the wide table-lands. In northeastern Texas the pine forests 
are called pineries” forming a compact growth over many hundreds of square 
miles. 
In Alabama and Mississippi 2. mitis is rarely seen in the lower part of the coast-pine belt 
(see ante $ C, p. 451), but forms a more or less conspicuous part of the forest covering of the 
uplands in the central and upper territories (20—30 per cent) and sometimes predominates to 
such an extent over the usually dominant hardwoods as to impart to the woodlands the somber 
aspect of a pure pine forest. Dense groves of this tree cover the shallow depressions deficient 
in drainage which are particularly frequent on the Warrior table land. 
3. Piedmont-Appalachian-Ozark Plateau-Mountain Region. 
This phytogeographic region occupies territorially the ıPiedmont Plateau, 
the Appalachian mountains and valleys, the Alleghanian Plateau west of the 
mountains and a portion of the great central plain extended west to the Ozark- 
Plateau and mountains in Missouri. Geographically it extends from central 
New Jersey and the Catskills south to northern Alabama. 
This vast area is generally speaking the home ofthe broadleaf species 
of trees. The entire region sloping toward the Atlantic Ocean, the Ap- 
palachian mountains and plateaus and spreading far westward to the Mississippi 
River, and beyond, is characterized by the presence of broad-leaf trees. Not 
that the conifers are here entirely absent, for several of these including the 
white pine, Pinus strobus, follow the mountain ranges and scatter throughout 
the hills and plains, but their number is small in the proportion of the whole. 
The higher mountains are characterized by such trees as Picea nigra (= P. mart- 
ana), Sorbus americana, which have their main center in the north; but the 
deciduous-leaved trees cover valleys and plains, and ascend in serried ranks 
the mountain sides, pass from one valley to another through the mountain 
asses and cross whole mountain ranges by surmounting and covering the 
lower crests and mountain tops. 
Variety is one of the marked characteristics of the eastern woods. As 
several hundred different kinds of trees enter into their composition 
under every form and modification of circumstance and association, we find in 
these forests an endless novelty. Three districts are recognizable, viz., the n 
Piedmont District; the Appalachian District; the Alleghanian-Ozark 
These will be treated of in order. 
A. Piedmont District. 
This is coincident with the Piedmont Plateau. The common boundary 
of the coastal plain and the Piedmont Plateau is usually well defined though 
sometimes inconspicuous. Between the Hudson River and the Tuscaloosa = 
Black Warrior) River the streams cross it in cascades, or rapids, an 
