Southern Piedmont District. 473 
stamine um, V. corymbosum, and such lianes as Vitis, ee Age sempervirens and 
S Fötandllolie: — The herbaceous plants of these wo e Panicum commutatum, 
Stipa ı avenacen, Melica mutica, Deiehe latifolia, Danthonia sericea, oe pennsylvanica, Hypoxis 
erecta, Silene virginica, Anemone virginiana, Ranunculus fascicularis, Lespedeza hirta, Linum vir- 
ginianum, Jatropha en Viola pedata, V. villosa, Sanicula canadensis, S. marylandica, Chima- 
phila maculata, Gentiana villosa, Asclepias variegata, Hedeoma pulegioides, Calamintha (Clino- 
podium) caroliniana, Salvia aka, Scutellaria integrifolia, S. pilosa, ardia tenuifolia, 
Elephantopus carolinianus, Solidago brachyphylla, = > laris, S. erecta, patens, Chryso- 
gonum virginianum, Coreopsis major, Hieracium veno 
Lowland Forest Formation. The river banks are occupied by certain trees 
and shrubs which flourish best there: Carpinus caroliniana, Ostrya virginiana, 
Betula nigra, Fagus americana, Quercus aquatica, Ulmus americana, Morus, 
Liriodendron, Platanus, Salix nigra, Asimina trıiloba, Acer rubrum, Negundo, 
Tilia pubescens, Fraxinus; as shrubs, Alnus serrulata, Calycanthus, Philadel- 
phus, Amelanchier, Ptelea, Rhododendron (Azalea) nudiflorum, Kalmia, Leuco- 
thoe Catesbei, Vaccinium arboreum, Symplocos tinctoria, Styrax americana, 
Chionanthus, Cephalanthus, Arundinaria tecta. 
ong the rivers in deposits of dry sand certain psammophilous species 
form associations in Georgia, viz., Pieris aquilina, Yucca filamentosa, Lupinus 
perennis, Opuntia vulgaris, Vaccinium arboreum, Breweria humistrata, Monarda 
punctata, Chrysopsis graminifolia. 
The Piedmont flora reaches its southern limit in the region of the Tallapoosa and 
Coosa rivers in eastern Alabama. Here these plants mingle with many from the Gulf coastal 
plain and with a number of local species sparsely scattered throughout the south, such as Dryop- 
teris floridana, Ophioglossum ereneen ‚ Lycopodium alopecuroides. The following plants, 
decidedly with a northern range of distribution, seem to find these highlands their southern limit: 
Uvularia perfoliata, U. sessilifolia, Smilarigi racemosa, Trillium stylosum, nn natum biflorum, 
Smilax echirrhata, Habenaria lacera, Asarum virginicum, Asimina triloba, Hydrangea arborescens, 
Philadelphus ER ERR Chimaphila umbellata, Rio äsndicn (Azalea) viscosum var. glauca, Hie- 
racium venosum, etc. 
B. Appalachian District. 
This district is coincident with the Appalachian Mountain ranges which 
extend from southern New York into the state of Georgia. On the northwest 
lies the great Alleghany Plateau, and on the southeast the Piedmont Plateau. 
These mountain ranges are composed mainly of ridges, whose longitudinal 
direction is from northeast to southwest. Between these ridges valleys are 
found. This system of mountains is naturally divided into two parts, the nor- 
thern Appalachian and the southern Appalachian ranges. 
The flora of these mountains is essentially composed of a decidous forest 
of broad-leaf trees which surrounds the island-like areas of coniferous vege- 
tation on the higher mountain summits, noticeably in North Carolina and 
Tennessee. The broad-leaf species which in early days covered the valley- 
lands ascended the mountain slopes, dominated the crests and summits of the 
lower mountains, filled all the intervening country between the ranges and only 
gave place to the coniferous forest of northern range on the higher mountain 
