Northern Appalachian Distriet. 475 
to the numerous mountain streams, but with the removal of the timber many 
hillsides have been thoroughly dried and support, therefore, an entirely dif- 
ferent set of plants‘). There are practically only seven plant formations ac- 
cording to the observations of the writer displayed in the Catskill mountains ?). 
These formations may be enumerated as follows: deciduous forest formation, 
coniferous forest formations (three in number) lake plant formation, marsh plant 
formation and rocky ledge plant formation. 
The flora of the Kittatinny or Shawangunk Mountains of northwest- 
ern New Jersey is peculiar. This mountain chain forms a wall of almost con- 
stant altitude, averaging from 1,200 feet in height, along the eastern side of 
the Delaware River from Port Jervis to the Delaware Water Gap. Its summits 
and western slopes are composed of a coarse or fine, very hard silicious con- 
glomerate or sandstone, with little soil but that derived from the limited dis- 
integration of these rocks, and it is therefore highly silicious. While the 
mountain sides are extensively glaciated there is very little glacial drift on the 
ridge. 
On these mountains exist a number of plants which are also found in great numbers in sandy 
soil along the Atlantic coast?). Among the species which are thus noteworthy, as discovered by 
N. L. BRITTON, are: Juncus Greenei, Solidago puberula, Orontium aquaticum, Tepe virginiana, 
Lespedeza hirta, Lupinus perennis, Quercus ilicifolia, Corema Conradii. At Culver’s > were 
found by Britton: Polygala ra Gerardia pedicularis, Lechea racemulosa, all abundant in 
sandy soil ding” the coast, and Prunus pumila. At Sunfish Pond, northwest of the wire Gap, 
occur Juncus militaris, Lycopodium mebez Viburnum nudum. While all along the mountains 
grow Aster linariifolia, Quercus ze kunercei resinosa, ©. frondosa, Vaccinium vacillans 
- Epigaea repens, Gaultheria procumbens, nia (Chamaedaphne) calyculata, Azalea (Rbododendron 
viscosa. Another peculiarity is the a of Pinus rigida on the mountains for Pin 
Strobus of the ee untry. 
The rid of the Be = A known at Greeuwood Lake as Bearfort and Bellvale 
mountains, a in New York as the Skunnemunk, have a somewhat similar summit flora, con- 
sisting of Quercus ilicifolia, een puberula, Tephrosia virginiana, Lespedeza gu Arctosta- 
phylos uva-ursi, Aster linariifolia, various huckleberries, bincbarden and other sand plan 
The flora of the mountainous parts of Pennsylvania is divided by the 
Susquehanna River into two parts. The elevated mountain region in the 
northeast abounds in ponds and lakes, sphagnous bogs, forests and large open 
tracts almost destitute of trees. The dominant trees found for example on 
the Pocono Plateau are Pinus strobus, Picea nigra (= P. mariana), Abies bal- 
samea, Betula lutea, B. papyrifera. The original vegetation of this plateau 
1) The important papers on the Catskill flora according to Dr. John H. Barnhart of the New 
York Botanical Gardens are: Hall, J. H.: Catskill Ferns. Bulletin Torrey Bot. Club V: 38—39. 
1874; Mearns, E. A.: A List of the trees and shrubs collected (in the Catskills) Proceedings U. 
S. aaa; Museum XXI: 343, 1898; Britton, E. G.: Mosses of the Catskills. Torreya I: 
84, 19 
2) en. Joun W.: The plant Formations of the Catskill.. Plant World VIII: 
276—28ı. Nov. 1905. 
3) HARSHBERGER, JOHN W.: The comparative Age of the different floristic Elements of eastern 
North America. Proceedings Academy Natural Sciences 1904: 606. 
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