Southern Appalachian District. 487 
On the limestone ledges of Lookout Mountain are Gatesia lactevirens, 
Callicarpa americana, Triosteum perfoliatum, Silphium brachiatum. — On the 
exposed cliffs forming the escarpment of Cheehawhaw Mountain, Zonicera 
flava trails over the rocks associated with Rubus canadensis, Smilax rotundi- 
folia, Vitis bicolor, Prunus injucunda, Robinia hispida, Rosa humilis, with 
Cheilanthes tomentosa, Nephrodium marginale, while Stenophyllus capillaris and 
Talinum teretifolium cover the flat expanses of the rocks bare of any other 
vegetation. Szene stellata, Anychia dichotoma prefer the shaded rocky 
shelves 
Many ferns peculiar to the Cumberland mountain plateau (Sand mountain, etc.) take 
root in the chinks of the bare rocks. Such are gegen tomentosa, Ch. vestita, Ch. alaba- 
mensis, Pellaea atropurpurea, rar montan A. ruta-muraria, A. pin atifidum associated 
with Silene rotundifolia, S. caroliniana (= S. EEE, Saxifraga virginica, Arenaria eo. 
Senecio obovatus. Under shelving se in the so called »rock houses« in the Cumberland mou 
tain plateau area of Alabama, the gloomy recesses are occu pied by a rare little fern Trichomanes 
Petersii, while T. radicans is a frequent inhabitant of such situation as also Asplenium Tricho- 
manes, a liverwort (Dumortiera), Agrostis perennans and Heuchera Rugelii. 
2. The Forests at higher elevations. 
The dominant forest trees belonging to the Castanea-Quercus-Acer Facies 
found on the slopes of Grandfather Mountain from an elevation of 
3800 to 4500 feet (1150—ı370 m) are Castanea, Quercus coccinea, O. phellos, 
O. bicolor, O. alba, Fagus, Betula lutea, Magnolia acuminata, Liriodendron, 
Robinia, Acer rubrum, Nyssa etc., while as secondary species, usually found 
beneath the dominant ones, can be mentioned Prunus pennsylvanica, Rhodo- 
dendron maximum, Hamamelis and Kalmia latifolia. On this mountain the 
woody plants of less obvious importance, which may be considered to form a 
still lower story, are Andromeda floribunda, Sassafras and ARobinia hispida, the 
last forming an almost pure growth (Robinia hispida Association). This 
facies constitutes the chestnut slope type of the foresters?) and occupies 
the southeast, south, southwest and west exposures and the tops of the lower 
mountains. It extends on Grandfather and Grandmother to 4600 feet elevation. 
The chestnut tree (Castanea) forms 45 per cent of the stand. 
The herbaceous plants between the trees are Galax aphylla, Medeola virginiana, Diodia vir- 
giniana, Silene virginica, Pedicularis canadensis, Asclepias exaltata, Lysimachia quadrifolia, Os- 
munda cinnamomea, Nephrodium (Dryopteris) marginale, Pteris aquilina, Uvularia puberula, Pru- 
nella vulgaris, rn peltatum, Ceanothus americanus, Monarda didyma, Chrysanthem 
leucanthemum, Ceras viscosum, Trifolium repens, and near ie Een: a 
a 
Acer saceharum Facies. This occurs typically on the northwestern slope of Grand- 
father Mountain, on the watersheds of the iin and Watauga rivers and on the Elk Creek 
ee It constitutes the sugar maple slope type of forest in which Fagus americana, Acer 
ı) MoHR, —n Plant Life of Alabama, 61—63. 
2) Reep, FrAnKLIN W.: Report on an Examination of a forest Tract in western North Caro- 
lina. U. S. Bureau of En "Bulletin 60, p. 12 
