490 Part IV. Chapter 2. 
rocky benches and declivities with a scanty soil. The shrubs are Robinia hispida, Diervilla rivu- 
laris, Ilex mollis, Stuartia en Hydrangea radiata, and Buckleya Semeisr (but very 
rare) Nemopanthes canadensis and Dirca palustris in swamps?). Under the umbrageous cover of 
the high forest on the upper ge of this mountain, in deep soil, rich in as are Ligusticum 
anadense, Eee hirsuta, Thaspium pinnatifidum, T. barbinode, Pimpinella integerrima, Zizia 
a Polygonatum commutatum, Oxalis recurva, Teillium stylosum (of the southern Appalachian 
ranges), Boom natum giganteum, Anemone nemorosa (A. ee Stellaria pubera, Galium 
nn Asclepias quadrifolia, Trillium erythrocarpum, Disporum lanuginosum, Uvularia grandi- 
U..perfoliata and Cypripedium acaule found in more open boggy places. 
On the brow of Lookout Mountain, and particularly along the banks of 
Little River, there occurs a strong mingling of types that are at home in the 
Alleghanian area of the adjoining states and of North Carolina with plants of 
the lower ranges giving rise to a varied flora. Here occurs together with 
Viburnum, Diervilla, Vaccinium at 2000 feet elevation Rhododendron cataw- 
biense. Ferns line the banks of Little River the rich soil shaded by rocks: 
Asplenium Bradleyi, A. parvulum, A. trichomanes, Athyrium filix-foemina, 
Dennstaedtia punctilobula, Asplenium montanum, A. pinnatifidum, Nephrodium 
marginale, and elsewhere in the Cumberland Mountains, which excel the 
Alleghanies in a greater variety of ferns, are Lygodium palmsstlinn, Scolopen- 
drium, Trichomanes, Asplenium viride, Adiantum capillus-veneris. — Sarra- 
cenia Catesbaei?), occurring from Alabama west to eastern Texas in the coastal 
belt, /soetes Engelmanni var. valida are palüdial plants founds on the banks 
of Little River near De Soto Falls. Carer virescens, Tiarella cordifolia, 
Asclepias quadrifolia, Asarum macranthum inhabit the rocky dells and more 
or less open copses while Arenaria brevifolia forms an association with Sedum 
ternatum, Talinum teretifolium growing out from the crevices of rocks covered 
with cushions of mosses (Grimmia, Hedwigia). — On rocky flats of the table- 
land, where neither shrub nor tree is able to gain a foothold, this latter as- 
sociation with Opuntia Rafinesguii fill every hollow and crevice. Wherever 
a rich deep soil covers the heights in the metamorphic region of Alabama, 
the slopes of the mountains and the lower hills, deciduous trees pre- 
dominate, though rarely the short-leaf pine Pinus mitis (= P. echinata) 
makes its appearance. Notable is the scarcity of Liriodendron, Magnolia 
acuminata, Carya alba (= Hicoria tomentosa) etc. 
The highest summits are frequently watered by springs, giving rise to grassy swales and 
lively brooklets. Here prevail, in the damp soil: Solidago odora var. inodora, S. arguta, Angelica 
villosa, Osmunda einnamomea, Scleria caroliniana, Habenaria ciliaris, ars the banks of these 
brooks are shaded by Kalmia latifolia, Ilex opaca, Rhododendron arborescens, R. nudiflorum, 
Calycanthus floridus, Ilex monticola, Amelanchier canadensis is, Hy ea arborescens var. cordata, 
Azalea viscosa var. glauca, Zanthorhiza apifolia and Betula lutea here at its southern limit reduced 
to a small shrub. 
The following Be of northern range find on the metamorphic highlands of Alabama 
their southern limit, viz 
= MOHR, CHARLES: Plant Life of Alabama 77—7 
) MACFARLANE, J. M.: The History, Structure une Distribution of Sarracenia Catesbaei EIl. 
en, from the Botanical Laboratory of the University of Pennsylvania. II: 426—434- 
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