498 Part IV. Chapter 2. 
famous for its grapes '), that of Lake Ontario for its strawberries, peaches and 
gg Because of its snug winters, there is rarely any starting of fruit buds 
by “warm spells”, and consequently little danger of loss from spring frosts. 
The same is true of that part of Michigan on the east shore which is watered 
by the Muskegon, Grand and Kalamazoo rivers. 
ı. The Water-influenced Formations. 
Lake Formation. In such ponds as Long Pond in Oswego County, New 
York, where the water is deep enough, grow Brasenia peltata (= B. pur- 
purea), Nuphar advena, Nymphaea odorata, Potamogeton nalans, and in the 
shallower waters for example in Oneida Lake are found Zimmanthemum lacu- 
nosum, Sagittaria graminea, Naias flexilis, Equisetum limosum, Scirpus Fuvia- 
tilis, Nasturtium lacustre (= Roripa americana), while in the quiet water of 
streams emptying into Oneida Lake in central New York abound such species 
as Azolla caroliniana, Heteranthera graminea, Wolffia columbiana, Polygonum 
emersum, Sparganium simplex, Comarum, Menyanthes, Utricularia, Saururus 
cernuus and several species of Pofamogeton, 
The ends of Irondequoit Bay, Lake Ontario are filled with flags, all of the forms of 
Typha being present. T. latifolia var. elongata is the most plentiful. Extensive beds of Chara 
exist. Elodea (Philotria) canadensis; Myriophyllum spieatum and various species of Potamogeton 
are abundant, Wolffia columbiana and Lemna trisulca, L. minor cover the quiet waters in coves 
and in open stretches of water. Nymphaea reniformis, Utricularia vulgaris, Vallisneria spiralis are 
common. Naias marina and Sparganium minimum also occur, 
The aquatie EEE assoeiations found in the western end of Lake Erie have been described 
as characteristic for the Lake District (Interlacustrine Area II. B. A. No. 3, see ante). Therefore 
the reader is referred to former pages of this book (pages a0) for an account of this 
interesting flora, as well, as the papers mentioned below in the footnote 2). 
The flora of Winona or Eagle Lake in northern Indiana) is in centrifugal sequence 25 
follows. (1) In deep water occur Conispkren demersum, Myriophyllum sp., Potamogeton lucens, P. 
amplifolius, P. pectinatus while the plankton consists of floating confervoid algae, Mougeotia, Rivu- 
laria, Clathroc 
ris Ei: (= E. equisetoides), E. palustris, E. mutata (= E. quadrangulata), Cladium mariscoides, 
Vallisneria spiralis and Potamogeton natans. (3) The herbs found on shore and extending into 
he water comprise Scirpus lacustris, gegen finitans, Nuphar advena, Pontederia cordata, 
while (4) there are plants on shore out of the r, viz., Scirpus americanus, Eleocharis acieu- 
laris, Typha latifolia and species of Sagittaria, as ri Polygonum amphibium 
Lake Shore Formation. The shore of Lake Ontario is Een steep bluffs 
of “boulder clay” while in some places the Medina sandstone is exposed an and 
in many places the new beach has cut off bays which are filling as marshes. 
The following plants are peculiar to the lake shore: Ranunculus flammula 
subsp. reptans, Cakile americana, Polanisia graveolens, Lathyrus maritimus, 
ı) HEDRICK, V. P.: The Grapes of New York 1908: 73—81. 
2) PIETERs, A. J.: The Plants of western Lake Erie. Bull. U. S, Fish Commission 1901: 57 19. 
3) CLarK, H. WArTon: The Flora of Eagle Lake n Vieinity. Proceedings Indiana Academy 
Seience 1901: 128, 155. See eu CoULTER, J. M.: The Flora of northern Indiana. Botanical 
Gazette IV: 109—113. Jan, 18 
ystis, Hydrodietyon, Oedogonium. (2) The plants confined to shallow water are Eleocha- 
