500 Part IV. Chapter 2. 
Corispermum hyssopifolium. The dune complex is characterized by Salix en S. glauco- 
phylla, Prunus virginiana, Populus monilifera, Vitis cordifolia, Andropogon scoparius, Arcto- 
Er, uva-ursi, Juniperus sabina var. procumbens, 5: virginiana. The ei dunes encroach 
on a deciduous forest in the Lacustrine Area consisting of Tilia americana, Fraxinus americana, 
he established dunes are finally covered by trees and herbs of a typic mesophytie forest. 
Certain dunes are covered by black oak (uercus tinetoria (= Q. velutina) associated with 
Quercus alba, Pinus Banksiana (= P. divaricata) and such shrubs as Sassafras officinale, Cornus 
florida, ra canadensis, Hamamelis virginiana, while on the lower or shaded slopes are 
Vaecinium vacillans/ V. pennsylvanicum, Salix humilis, Viburnum acerifolium, Rosa blanda, R. hu- 
milis, Rhus copallina with a large number of herbs and Pteris (Pteridium) aquilina ?). 
T 
Swamp Formation. 'Typic swamps are found in Oswego County, New York 
at the point where Lake Ontario makes the great bends to the north’). Such 
swamps began as a lake and were gradually filled by the encroachment of 
vegetation. In a swamp three typic horizons or circumareas of vegetation are 
recognizable: (1) the lagoon in the center; (2) the moor comprising the open 
area surrounding the lagoon and generally overgrowth with sphagnum; (3) the 
wooded circumarea comprising the outside of the swamp. 
The vegetation of the lagoons consists of Potamogeton amplifolius, Pr fluitans (= P. 
lonchites), P. heterophylius, Naias flexilis, Potamogeton pauciflorus (= P. foliosus), Vallisneria 
spiralis, Eleocharis mutata, Lemna triscula, L. minor, Spirodela polyrhiza, ee dubia (in 
deep water). In the shallower water of such lagoons are Brasenia peltata (= B. purpurea), Nuphar 
advena, ein Yen spicatum, Utrieularia vulgaris, U. minor. 
The flo oor eircumarea consists of typic marsh plants such as Triglochin 
maritimum, re palustris, Scheuchzeria re Auhlenbe ergia Gemeret — M. racemosa), Glyceria 
ae Calamagrentl canadensis, Carex filiformis, C. pauciflora, c. teretiuscula, C. magellanica, 
C. limosa, C. exilis, C. gynocrates (= C, iensuaı Peltandra virginica, Habenaria blephari- 
rg H tridentata (= H. clavellata), H. dilatata, H. leucophaca, Cypripedium spectabile (= C. 
reginae), Pogonia ophioglossoides, P. verticillata, Arethusa er Listera australis, Calopogon 
pulchellus; Salix myrtilloides, $. candida are moor plants as also Sarracenia purpurea, Geum 
rivale, Sanguisorba canadensis, Ledum latifolium, Kalmia a Auroe polifolia, Lyonia 
(Chamaedaphne) calyculata, Chiogenes hispidula, Vaceinium Oxycoccus, V, macrocarpon, Menyanthes, 
Utrieularia cornuta, U. intermedia, U. gibba, U. resupinata, Solidago ohionis, $. uliginosa, Aster 
junceus. 
The wooded strip consists of trees which increase in number from the edge of the moor 
to the firmer soil on the edge of the swamp. The trees most frequently found are: Ulmus ameri- 
cana, Acer saccharum, Fraxinus smbueiei, Pinus Strobus, Thuja occidentalis, Larix americana, 
Picea nigra (=P, mariana) and Betula 1 
Bog Formation. “The Mendon ponds of northwestern New York near Lake 
Ontario are associated physiographically with sphagnum bogs which represent 
former ponds captured by vegetation. Acres of bog are yellow with Poten- 
tılla fruticosa. Here occurs Picea nigra, while Lyonia (Chamaedaphne) calycu- 
lata, Andromeda polifolia, Ledum latifolium, Vaccinium corymbosum, Gaylussacia 
resinosa, Nemopanthes fascicularis, Pirus (Aronia) arbutifolia var. melanocarpa 
ı) Hını, E. J.: The sand Dunes of northern Indiana and their Flora. Garden and Forest IX: 
353, 372, en 393- 
:, W. W.: "The Swamps of Oswego County, N. Y, and their Flora. American Natur- 
alist Kt: es 792, 1897. 
ee 
