Alleghanian—Ozark Distriet: Lacustrine Area. 501 
and Aralia hispida are all present in great quantities. The herbs are much 
the same as quoted above for the “moor circumarea”, and many orchids 
occur Liparis Loeselii, Corallorhiza odontorhiza, Pogontia, Calopogon, Habe- 
naria, Cypripedium spectabile, C. pubescens, C. parvifolium, C. acaule are 
abundant, as also Woodwardia virginica, Parnassia caroliniana, Decodon verti- 
cillatus. 
Bergen bog?) in its open part is garen with sphagnum and a few dwarf cedars 
Thuja occidentalis and tamaracks Larix americana (= L. larieina)., The outer edge is a dense 
forest of cedars and tamaracks. The flora = this bog is very different from that of the surroun- 
ding country, and is characteristically northern2). Here are many rare plants: Lonicera coerulea 
(= L. villosa), Solidago neglecta var. linoides, S. Houghtoni, Senecio aureus var, balsamitae (= 
balsamitae), Microstylis monophylla, Corallorhiza innata, a dyera repens, Arethusa bulbosa, 
Calypso bor 2 Cypripedium candi ae Listera sera, ag te Tofieldia glutinosa, 
Eleocharis rostellata , Seirpns caespitosus, Carex filifor ai FE alibarda repens. 
The Eharack ae in Ohio ar ei | by the ae of Larix americana, Sarra- 
cenia pu ‚ Trientalis americana, Drosera en D. intermedia, Arethusa bulbosa, Coptis 
zPUr 
trifolia, ra er Cornus canadens 
Ravine or Gorge Formation. The gorge of Niagara, where the spray 
of the cataract descends in an incessant shower, is a fitting habitat for a 
number of plants, among them Aypericum Kalmianum, Parnassia caroliniana, 
Lobelia Kalmii, Campanula rotundifolia, Utricularia cornuta, Gentiana crinita, 
Carex Oederi, etc. In other situations of similar character grow Sarıfraga 
aigoides, Primula mistassinica, Pinguicula vulgaris, Pterospora andromedea‘). 
2. The Deciduous Forest Formation. 
The Lacustrine Area was covered by an almost unbroken forest of deciduous 
trees which reached and covered the bluffs along the shores of the great lakes 
and extended in the form of more or less connected groves out into the 
prairies of Illinois. The primitive forest of the lake region of New York 
consisted of Acer saccharum, Fagus, Fraxinus, Quercus alba, O. bicolor, 
O. rubra, O.tinctoria with O. macrocarpa, ©. Prinus, Q. coccinea (infrequent), 
Ulmus americana, U. fulva, Tilia, Castaneca, Prunus americana, P. virginiana, 
P. serotina (scarce), Populus tremuloides, P. grandidentata, P. a 
Carya amara (= Hicoria minima), C alba (= H. wata), C. porcina (= AH. 
glabra), Fuglans cinerea, F. nigra, Platanus occidentalıs. 
Less abundant and of secondary importance in the forest are Tsuga canadensis, Liriodendron 
tulipifera, Abies balsamea, species of Betula, Ostrya virginiana, Carpinus caroliniana, Hamamelis i 
virginiana, Cornus florida, e rare trees in this forest are Celtis oceidentalis, Nyssa sylvatica, 
Asimina triloba, Liriodendron tulipifera, Juniperus virginiana and Picea nigra. This forest on the 
ı) BECKWITH, FLORENCE, MACAULEY, MARY E, and FULLER Joseph B.: Plants of Monroe 
County, New York, Proceedings Rochester Academy Science III: May 1896. 
2) It is a difficult matter to decide whether to place these bogs in the Iotefeniriee Aren 
of the Lake Distriet, or not, but their geographie position has decided their place in this book. 
3) Day, Davm F.: The Plants of Buffalo and Vieinity. Bulletin Buffalo Society Natural 
Sciences IV: 7T. 
