Alleghanian—Ozark Distriet: Kentucky-Tennessee. 503 
Rubus villosus, R. occidentalis, Gaylussacia resinosa, Ptelea trifoliata, Hama- 
melis virginiana, while the forest floor is covered with a carpet of Cystopteris, 
Adiantum pedatum, Arisaema, Podophyllum, Hieracium, Helianthus divaricatus, 
Hepatica, Impatiens, Anemonella thalictroides, Galium, Seymeria, Gerardia. 
There is an abundance of fungi growing upon the Iafmiold, viz: Myxomycetes, 
Boleti and various Agaricineae. 
Near the summit of sand-gravel-clay hills are the following trees: Quercus 
tinctoria, O. alba, Carya alba (= Hicoria ovata), C. sulcata (= H. laciniosa), 
with Cranothus americanus. The beech-maple forest exists in deep rich soils. 
Accompanying the beech and the sugar maple are Liriodendron, Fuglans nigra, 
Asimina triloba, while beneath on the > are Hepatica triloba, Podophyllum 
peltatum, Sympiocarpus Joetidus, etc. 
‚This deciduous forest extends into ‘Soüthe rn Michiga'n where trees like 
Liriodendron, Asimina, Cercis, Gleditschia, Cornus florida, Nyssa sylvatica and 
Morus rubra have crept northward favored by the mild influence of the lake 
winds and the same is true of the associated herbaceous species. The main 
hardwood forest lies south of the parallel of 43° north latitude. On the up- 
lands the prevailing forest is a beech-maple and oak association. 
b) Kentucky-Tennessee Area. 
This area phytogeographically considered includes the territory comprehen- 
ded by the southern parts of Ohio’), Indiana, Illinois along the Ohio River and 
including the drainage basin of that river, the western part of West Virginia, 
also along the Ohio River, the states of Kentuckf and Tennessee and north- 
western Alabama. In fact, this area may be said to cover the drainage basin 
of the Ohio River and its tributaries the Tennessee, the Cumberland, the Green, 
the Kentucky, the New, the Scioto and the Wabash rivers. In this area, the 
deciduous, or hardwood forests reign supreme and the associations of 
plants are in general of a mesophytic character. 
ı. Deciduous Forest Formations. 
West Virginia has a larger amount of hardwood timber in its forests than 
any other state. These splendid forests cover over sixteen thousand square 
miles and yield the following species: 
Pinus Strobus L. | Juniperus virginiana L. 
» mitisMichx.(= P.echinataMill.). | Salix nigra Marsh. 
» rigida Mill. Populus monilifera Ait. (= P. deltoides 
Tsuga canadensis L. Marsh.). 
1) CLArk, H. WALTON: Flora of Eagle Lake and Vicinity. Proceedings Indiana Academy 
Science 1901, 200— 202 
2) GREEN, W. ]J. and SECREST, EpMunD: Forest Conditions in Ohio. Bulletin of the Ohio, 
Agricultural Experiment Station No. 204, June 1909; also PLOWMAnn, A. B.: Forestry and Irriga- 
tion XIV: 363—369. July 1908. 
