Alleghanian— Ozark Distriet: Kentucky-Tennessee, 509 
of caves in the sandstone region grow Nephrodium spinulosum var. intermedium, 
and marginale, Cheilanthes vestita and Asplenium pinnatifidum''). 
his deciduous-leaved forest has its southern extension in the Tennes- 
see valley in northern Alabama where decidedly northern types prevail 
with many plants found in the Ohio valley not seen in other parts of Alabama, 
such as: Aesculus flava, A. glabra, Acer saccharum, Cladrastis tinctoria, Sta- 
pıylea trifolia. Pines are almost totally absent in this valley. 
North of the Tennessee River the detached spurs of the Cumberland Moun- 
tains rise to an elevation of 1200 to 1500 feet above sea level. The flat tab- . 
lelands are covered with a mesophytic type of forest which begins at the 
headwaters of the Ohio River in Pennsylvania and stretches southward west 
of-the mountains to this point where it reaches its southern limit. Species of 
oaks form the predominating forest growth of these highlands, viz: Ouercus 
alba, O. Prinus, O.tinctoria, Acer saccharum var. barbatum associated with Mag- 
nolia acuminata, Tilia heterophylla, Aesculus flava. The valleys on the other 
hand skirting the detached spurs of the mountains are filled with a forest of 
Liriodendron tulipifera, Quercus alba, Tilia, Fraxinus, Sassafras, Juglans 
nigra and Funiperus virginiana of superior quality occupying the damp rocky 
recesses?). Rhus (Cotinus) cotinoides makes its appearance on the calcareous 
summits and upon the shelves where the sandstones overlie the calcareous 
rocks on the flanks of the higher mountains. 
Barrens also occur in the northern part of the Tennessee Valley öörärel with 
an open forest of upland oaks and trees of stunted growth. Such grasses as 
Andropogon virginicus, Agrostis hiemalis, Panicum commutatum, Eleocharis 
tenuis, Gyperus ovularis are found associated with PAlox maculata, Steironema 
lanceolatum, S. ciliatum, Coreopsis senifolia, Ceanothus americanus, Polygala 
incarnata and Lespedesa striata. 
South of the Tennessee River, lowlands border the principal streams and 
these are covered with extensive hardwood forests of Ouercus Michauxü, O. 
texana, O. phellos, O. falcata associated with Carya tomentosa (= Hicoria alba), 
Fagus, Fraxinus, Carpimus, Asimina, Ilex decidua, Crataegus apüfolia, C. crus- 
galli and C. spathulata. The benches of mountain limestone are covered with 
oaks. The herbaceous flora of the forests of the bottom and bench land com- 
prises but a small number of shade loving species, viz: Chimaphila maculata, 
Galium circaezans, Mitchella repens. 
Cedar Glade Formation. The lower terraces of the higher ridges are almost 
bare of soil. On these rugged grounds the red cedar Juniperus virginiaua 
abounds with stunted forms of Fraxinus guadrangulata and a form of white 
ash Fraxinus americana. On the sunny exposures in the openings and bor- 
ders of the forest which covers the calcareous hills where the soil is deeper 
are found: Rhammus caroliniana, Viburnum prunifolium, Bumelia lycioides, 
ı) Price, SapıE F,.: Cave Plants. Garden and Forest Mu. (1893): 403. 
2) Mour, CHArLes: Plant Life of Alabama. Contributions U. S. National Herbarium, VI: 84. 
