510 Part IV. Chapter 2. 
B. lanuginosa, Crataegus coccinea, Cornus asperifolia, Ostrya virginiana. Rhus 
(Cotinus) cotinoides is confined in Alabama, to the mountain limestone. 
The herbaceous associations are naturally xerophile. On the exposed rocks small cruciferous 
plants, as chasmophytes, fill every erevice, viz! Leavenworthia aurea, L. uniflora, L. tomentosa, 
raba caroliniana, D. brachycarpa the first harbingers of springtime. _In late spring slightly 
sheltered rocks are adorned with flowers of Oxybaphus (Allionia) nyctaginea, Ranunculus fasci- 
eularis, Arabis laevigata, Claytonia virginica, Arenaria serpyllifolia, Opuntia Rafınesquii, Geranium 
maculatum, Lithospermum canescens, L. tuberosum, Salvia urticaefolia, Scutellaria .campestris, 
Bellis integrifolia. Sedum pulchellum, Phacelia Purshii grow in the interstices of rocky fragments 
and Arenaria patula occurs on bare rocks. The spring plants are succeeded by Hypericum aureum, 
H. sphaerocarpum, Aster oblongifolius, A. cordifolius, Solidago amplexicaulis and Brachychaeta 
cordata (= B. sphacelata). 
The isolated knolls of silicious limestone rising above the wide river plain support in their 
scanty soil a stunted growth of Quercus Muhlenbergii (= Q. acuminata), Prunus americana, 
Gleditschia triacanthos, Ostrya virginiana and under their shade Liparis liliifolia, Cypripedium 
parviflorum, Delphinium tricorne, Dentaria laciniata, Mertensia virginica, 
ce) Ozark Area. 
As an area of varied territories it includes, as shown on the map, portions 
of Missouri, north-western Arkansas, Indian Territory reaching its southern limit 
in eastern Texas. The past few years have seen an active investigation of 
the flora from a phytogeographic standpoint. 
Southern and southwestern Missouri were originally covered with a dense 
forest of hardwood, in which were extensive areas of short-leaved pines Pinus 
mitis (= P. echinata) covering gravelly ridges and the lower Ozark hills. 
The region south and southwest of the Archaean outcrops in the southeastern 
part of the state‘on the silicious soils was dominated by this pine. The north- 
western corner of the state is partly prairie formation and there the trees are 
confined mostly to the broad bottom lands in belts often two or three 
miles in width. Southeastern Missouri belongs to the Arkansas - Louisiana 
phytogeographic district where forests of Mississippi valley type abound. 
The flora in the Ozark Plateau may in general be said to have some 
distinctly Appalachian elements, but with many peculiarities common to the 
extension of this ridge into Arkansas, Tennessee and Alabama. 
The Ozark Mountain region was first supplied with trees from Kentu- 
cky and other southern Appalachian districts. When trees were once establis- 
hed in the Ozark this region served as a base of supply from which the ter- 
ritory to the north, west and southwest was stocked. The Minnesota forests 
had much less influence on the prairies‘), Barrens of post oak Quercus ob- 
tustloba (= O. minor) are a feature of the Ozark country. There are many 
species of trees and plants common to this region, but there are others such a$ 
Fagus americana, Carya olivaeformis and C, alba (= Hicoria pecan and ovata), 
1) Duccar, B. M., Plant Life in Missouri; in Williams’ The State of Missouri 1904: 229249 
