514 Part IV. . Chapter 2. 
Rhus canadensis, Symphoricarpos), while between this shrubby fringe and the prairie vegetation 
grow in Spring many herbs. 
The forest of the Ozark Plateau extends into Indian Territory (now 
part of the State of Oklahoma). The timber is most compact along the Ar- 
kansas border and as a rule where the contour lines show the elevation to be 
greatest, although here as in other portions, the river-bottom lands are heavily 
and densely wooded. The forest consists of oaks: Owercus marylandica (black- 
jack), O. odtusiloba (post oak), Fuglans nigra, Quercus alba, Funiperus virgi- - 
niana, Fraxinus americana, Carya olivaeformis (= Hicoria pecan), Populus 
montlifera, Maclura aurantiaca, Platanus, Ulmus, Celtis, Robinia, Betula nigra, 
Bumelia lanuginosa. Loblolly pine (Pinus taeda) is found only in the moun- 
tainous portion of the eastern portion, its range being confined to a limited 
area. It grows with other trees and is nowhere abundant '). 
The forests in the western part of the late Indian Territory may be con- 
sidered to be a part of that mentioned below extending through Texas, Indian 
Territory and Oklahoma into southern Kansas and known as the »Cross 
. Timberse.. The Wichita Mountains of Oklahoma may be considered as a 
northern extension of the upper Cross Timbers. The characteristic tree of 
this region is Ouercus obtusiloba (= O. minor). The mountain sides are clothed 
with three species of oaks almost to the exclusion of other species, namely, 
QOuercus obtusiloba, O. falcata (= O. digitata) and O. terara. The creek val- 
leys at the base of these mountains contain some fine specimens of Mexican 
walnut, Fuglans rupestris. 
Other species here are: Ulmus americana, U. alata, U. fulva, Diospyros virginiana, Gymno- 
eladus canadensis (= G. dioica), Populus monilifera, Celtis oceidentalis, Negundo aceroides (= Acer 
negundo), Juniperus virginiana, Sapindus Drummondii, Cercis canadensis, Rhus cotinus (= Cotinus 
cotinoides). Near the western boundary of Oklahoma this forest fades out into a scattering growth 
of Populus monilifera, Celtis oceidentalis, Ulmus americana, Prosopis juliflora, Carya olivae- 
formis (= Hicoria pecan), (Quercus obtusiloba2).. Growing on sandy or rocky soil of the uplands 
are found many oaks but more especially Quercus obtusiloba, Quercus marylandica, and in the 
river bottoms Juglans nigra, Populus monilifera, Carya olivaeformis (= Hicoria pecan), Ulmus ameri- 
cana, Acer sp., etc. 
The southern extension and limit of the deciduous forest of the Ozark 
Area is to be looked for in Texas where two forks of the forest [see map) 
extend almost to the Rio Grande River. The upland timber in Texas in 
the lignitic belt, where sandyclay ridges and hills prevail, consists mainly of 
oak, extending far into the Rio Grande plain °). Other belts of this timber 
are isolated from the main forest and are open savanna forests. "The upper 
1) Fırcn, C. H.: Woodland of Indian Territory. U. S. Geological Survey zıst Report, 1900. 
Part V.: 609. 
2) CLoTHIER, GEORGE L.: Silvieultural Possibilities of the Prairies. Forestry and Irrigation IX: 
89—90. Feb. 1903. 
3) Brav, WiLLıam L.: Forest Resources of Texas. U, $, Bureau of Forestry Bulletin 47 
(1904). 26. The Timber of the Edwards Plateau of Texas, U. $. Bureau of Forestry Bulletin 49 
(1904): 19— 20. 
