532 Part IV. Chapter 3. 
Schweinitzii, Gaertneria (Franseria) tomentosa, Hypericum majus, Polygonum 
camporum. The trees are almost entirely confined to the narrow belts which 
border the streams. These belts are wider in the east, but in the west they 
are contracted and the trees become shrub-like. They are Pinus scopulorum, 
Funiperus virginiana, F. scopulorum, Ulmus americana, Celtis occidentalis, 
Praxinus viridis, Negundo, Onuercus macrocarpa, Salix humilis and tristis, Rhus 
glabra and irilebata‘) etc. 
- The most abundant woody plant of the sand hills is Amorpha canescens. 
Next comes the western sand cherry Prunus Besseyi, Ceanothus ovalus. 
these belong to the true sand hill flora. The sand hill region is the region 
of the bunchgrass (blue-stem and beard-grass), blow-out and sand-draw 
formations. 
The facies er the blue-stem formation are Andropogon scoparius, Stipa comata, Cala- 
we ostis Der and Andropogon Halli. The secondary species are Eragrostis tenuis 
des), sis (Eriocoma) euspidata, Muhlenbergia pungens, Bouteloua hirsuta, B. 
eh: ee eryptandrus, Cyperus Schweinitzii. Modifications are imparted to it by 
Prunus Besseyi, Rosa a Amorpha canescens, Ceanothus ovatus and Yucca angustifolia 
(= Y. glauca), while as addi ER species oceuring here should be mentioned Cyeloloma atrip- 
lieifolium, Froelichia a Eriogonum annuum, Chrysopsis villosa, Aplopappus (Eriocarpum) 
spinulosum, Opuntia humifusa (= mesacantha), Psoralea lanceolata. The facies of the beard- 
grass formation are Aristida purpurea, Aristida basiramea, Sporobolus cuspidatus and Stipa 
spartea. Secondary species of grasses are Paniecum Scribnerianum, Aristida oligantha, Koeleria 
eristata, and Eatonia obtusata while Helianthus petiolaris, Potentilla arguta, Argemone alba, 
Plantago Purshii and Linum rigidum also occur, 
w-out Formation (see ante, en distriet $ 2, p. 525). The blow-out formation 
is restrieted to peculiar crateriform hollows formed by wind action, and termed blow-outs. It 
oceurs of course only in the sand hills proper, since it is here only that blow-outs are found. 
The facies are Redfieldia flexuosa, Muhlenbergia pu Eragrostis tenuis (= E. trichodes), 
zopsis cuspidata and Calamagrostis Bei: BEER with secondary species, such as 
Tradescantia virginica, Eriogon ‚ Oenothera KEN Lathyrus ornatus var. flavescens, 
Astragalus (Phaca) longifolia Er Baskor En petaloide 
Sand-Draw Formation. The sand - draw ae has much in common with the blow- 
out formation. It is less frequent and Be are not controlling. Their place is taken by 
Cristatella Jamesii and Polanisia trachysperma while the grasses if present are represented by 
scattered tufts of ap squarrosa, Eiserosi major and Paspalum setaceum associated with 
Euphorbia petaloides, E. hexagona and E. montana. According to RYDBERG?) in the sand-draws 
grow Ipomoea ee ee platyceras, Mentzelia nuda, Oenothera albicaulis, Lupinus 
argenteus var.. procumbens, Cleome serrulata (= C. integrifolia), Sense villosa, Asclepias 
speciosa, Croton texensis, Eriogonum annuum, E. corymbosum, Prunus pumila while rarer plants 
are Pectis angustifoli Aeeraben auriculata, Petalostemon tenuifolium, P. gracile. 
All along the oe ceipal river erh of Kansas especially over the broad valley of the 
Arkansas river are hills of sand with such plants as Prunus chicasa (= P. angustifolia), Litho- 
spermum hirtum (= L. Gmelini), Yucca angustifolia (= Y. glauca), Discopleura capillacea, — 
tricolor var. arvensis, Cristatella Jamesii, Linaria canadensis, Froelichia gracilis, Hosackia Purshian 
„u 
ı) BESSEY, CHARLES E.: Some agricultural Possibilities of western N er. Report 
Nebraska State Board of Agriculture 1900: 75—116; also Hırcucock, A. S.: 
2) RyDBErG, P. A.: The Flora of the high Nebraska Plains. , as xXXV: 
485 May 1891; Flora of the Sand Hills of Nebraska, Contributions U. S. Na tional Herbarium 
(1895) III: 133—203. 
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