558 Part IV. Chapter 3. 
Senecio triangularis, S. crassulus, Polygonum bistorta (= P. bistortoides), P. viviparum, Habenaria 
hyperborea, H. dilatata, Allium Schoenoprasum, A. brevistylum, Trifolium longipes, Pedieularis 
groenlandica, Rumex paucifolius, Zygadenus elegans while here and elsewhere over the hot spring 
geyser areas, the small streems are bordered by Parnassia fimbriata, Gentiana serrata and Mimulus luteus, 
Lake Formation. The species of lake waterplants are as much the same 
as named before in this formation in the eastern states. A few examples may 
prove it. 
The lakes in the Flathead Valley are shallow with a muddy bottom. In the center of such 
lakes are found Nuphar advena, Brasenia peltata, four species of Potamogeton, Myriophyllum 
d Hippuris. The sedge eircumarea bordering the water of shallow ponds consists of Bromus 
RE var. pallidus, Muhlenbergia racemosa, Carex utriculata, C. viridula, C. hystrieina, 
Calama zu ostis nn sa, Phalaris arundinacea, een Rugelii, Scirpus lacustris var. occidentalis, 
Cieuta maculata and species of the genera Tobeik, Solidago and Dodecatheon. 
The er of = ponds and streams in the YVellowstone country consists of Ranunculus 
multifidus, Nuphar advena (rarely absent from muddy ponds), Nuphar polysepalum, Hippuris 
vu a Ceratophyllum demersum, Sparganium simplex var. angustifolium, eines variabilis, 
Utricularia vulgaris, Potamogeton Hifesenh (= P. alpinus), P. perfoliatus, P. pectinatus. Subu- 
laria en and Isoetes veree are found on the bottom of De about Yellowstone Lake. 
Callitriche autumnalis (= C. bifida) is ER and less so C. ve esides these may be 
mentioned Zannichellia ee ne ma, Marsilia Yariae: Myiicphgii vertieillatum and 
Polygonum amphibium e a y Yellowstone Lake is a small pond a few feet in 
depth and several acres in extent. Submerged and growing on Pr bottom are ae ıö 
Elatine triandra, Iso&tes Bolanderi, Callitriche autumnalis, while floatin 5 on the surface are foun 
Ranunculus multifidus, Polygonum amphibium, several species of Sagittaria, Pr al 
and Potamogeton. In the mud at the water’'s edge grow Elatine americana, Tillaea angustifolia, 
Krynitzkia (Allocarpa) californica and Limosella aquatica. 
Red Rock Lake at an altitude of 10,100 feet (3,078 m) in Colorado shows the following 
areas, according to RAMALEY?). The aquatic eircumarea is marked by Sparganium 
angustifolium, Potamogeton alpinus, Zannichellia palustris, Ranunculus aquatilis, trichophyllum 
(= Batrachium flaceidum) and Nuphar (Nymphaea) polysepala. The plants of the sedge circum- 
area are Deschampsia caespitosa, Hierochloa odorata, Carex siccata, C. utrieulata, Juncus balticus, 
Caltha leptosepala, Sedum rhodanthum, Saxifraga hireulus, Dodecatheon pauciflorum, Elephantella 
groenlandica and Achillea lanulosa. The shrub association includes a few scattered specimens 
of Picea Engelmanni and Salix Bebbiana, $. chlorophylla, S. glaucops, S. lutea, Betula glandulosa, 
Arenaria sajanensis, Caltha leptosepala, Heracleum lanatum, Castilleia jump! A race- 
mosa, Trollius albiflorus, Saxifraga nivalis and Erigeron salsuginosus. The of the sur- 
rounding forest in proximity to the lake vegetation are Abies aka Has k lasiocarpa), 
Picea Engelmanni, Pinus flexilis, P. Murrayana, Juniperus sibirica, Populus tremuloides with whic 
are associated such shrubs as Ribes parvulum, „Aretostaphylos uva-ursi, Vaccinium oreophilum, 
tris 
a, Pentstemon alpinus, ea: petiolata, Achillea nt Antennaria parvifolia, Arnica 
ihdus 
cordifolia, and Erigeron tri 
Bog Formation. (Compare the swamp meadow described previously.) The 
bogs of the Yellowstone National Park are characterized by patches of low. 
willows Salır Geyeriana with Betula glandulosa and Potentilla fruticosa, U 
most characteristic shrub of the mountains bogs. 
1) RAMALEY, FRANcIS: Studies in lake and streamside Vegetation, University of Colorado, 
Studies VI: 133—168. Feb., 1909. 
v 
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