Southern Park Mountain District. 563 
On Mount Lincoln, Colorado, in a grassy meadow kept wet by the melting snow grew 
Primula Parryi, P. angustifolia, Actinella (Rydbergia) grandiflora, A. (Tetraneuris) zen Sedum 
Rhodiola (=R. rosea), S. rhodanthum, Geum (Sieversia) ge Calandrinia pygmaea (Oreobroma 
Grayi), Saxifraga cernua, with white or cream colored flowers and numerous stolons, S. 
punctata with white petals and a tall naked er 
The meadows of the Wind River range above 9000 feet are characterized by Saxifraga 
reg Eritrichium (Omphalodes) aretioides, ee confertum, Townsendia spathulata, T. 
er ‚ Bupleurum ranunculoides (= B. americanum), Llyodia seroklue, Within the timb- 
recesses of these mountains are grassy meadows dotted with clumps of willows between 
Be course clear mountain streams een with vegetation. In this variety of exposure, 
limited in every direction by irregular, rocky ridges, occurs a confused association of Draba 
alpina, Lupinus spe, Hedysarum a (= H. americanum), Astragalus alpinus, 
Oxytropis KAIRBERTEIA) Sedum stenopetalum, S. EINPORMERNEB, Fee (Rydbergia) grandiflora, 
Antennaria dioica, Senecio lugens, Kalmia glauca, Synthyris plantaginea, Mertensia paniculata, 
Gilia nudicanlis, höre septentrionalis*), Primula Pal, Gentiana humilis, Phacelia 
sericea 2). 
Alpine Lakes and Bogs. The alpine lakes of the Pike’s Peak region 
exist between 3,ııo m and 3,265 m altitudes and also below timber line. 
Marsh Lake is surrounded by a circumarea of Sparganium angustifolium 
on the shore side and an inner much interrupted circumarea of Ranunculus 
(Batrachium) flacidum. Michigan Lake is completely overgrown with the 
same Sparganium. According to CLEMENTS the most important plants in 
these alpine lakes in the order of their importance are: Sparganium and 
Potamogeton alpinus with which are associated as of secondary importance 
Utricularia vulgaris, Callitriche bifida and /soetes lacustris var. paupercula. 
In Isoetes Lake there is a rank growth of Batrachium flaccidum near the 
center of the lake. At Bald Mountain Lake mosses constitute the only 
macroscopic flora. The other types of alpine lakes, however, show, as well as 
the lakes above mentioned, a plankton consisting of algal species of Sprro- 
gyra, Oedogonium, Mesocarpus, Volvox, Cosmarium, Zygnema, Coleochaete, 
Bulbochaete, Chara and Cladophora°). — In the Rocky Mountains of northern 
Colorado the lakes of the subalpine and alpine districts are of the morainal 
type‘. The lakes above timber line show no true circumareas, although 
birches and willows with grasses, sedges and such plants as species of 
Elephantella, Pedicularis, Dodecatheon, and Clementsia exist between the water 
edge and the coniferous forest behind. 
Alpine Bog Formation. According to CLEMENTS this formation in Colorado con- 
sists early in the season of a facies, ds ee of which are Carex scopulorum, C. melanoce- 
phala (= C. Kerze Caltha leptosepala associated with such species as Carex aurea, C. _ 
nescens, C. acu C. alpina, C. variabilis, and the following as secondary importance 
Juneus Re San aayrtältns, Vorlälen alpina (= V. Wormskjoldii). Later the facien 
consists of en pauciflorus (= Eleocharis pauciflorus), Polytrichum gracile and principally of 
ı) The widely distributed aretic-alpine species, also European, printed in widened letters. 
2) Parrv, C. C.: Botanical Observations in western Wyoming. American Naturalist VII: 13. 
3) Scuantz, H. L.: Biological Study of the Lakes of the Pikes Peak Region. Transactions 
American Microscopical Society XXVII: 75—97. 
4) RamaLey and RoBBins: Science new series XXVII: 208. 
36* 
