580 Part IV. Chapter 3. 
stone these shrubs are joined by Cowania mexicana, Spiraea millefolium, 
Robinia neomexicana and Yucca angustifolia is replaced by Yucca baccata. 
Funiperus californica var. utahensis also grows at the Grand Canyon. A dense 
chaparral of Fallugia paradoxa forms extensive thickets east of O’Leary Peak 
and occurs sparingly over most of the piion belt even extending down into 
the desert in places 
At the brink of the Grand Canyon opposite Point Sublime is a dwarf forest of peculiar 
aspect, having a uniform height of about 5 meters consisting of Cercocarpus ledifolius, Fine 
ednlis, and Juniperus californica var. utahensis. Mingled in this forest are Berberis Fremon 
ea millefolium and along its edges are extensive fields of Artemisia tridentata which reaches 
here its ee limit, and Yucca baccata, with several kinds of cactuses. In other directions it 
gives place to thickets of Quercus Gambelii and Robinia neomexicana. This the piüon belt of 
the Grand Canyon, differs from that about San Francisco Mountain because of the presence here 
on the Coconino Plateau of carboniferous limestone, such as as Cowania Mexicana, Berberis 
Fendleri, Spiraea ülefolium, Yucca baccata, Robinia neo-mexica a growing at the Grand Canyon, 
but not in the lava soils of the pihion belt about San et Mountain). 
San Francisco Mountain) rises from an elevated open somewhat barren table -land 
which is the continuation of the high plateaus of New Mexico and Utah. It is traversed by a 
number of profound canyons. It supports some isolated ridges and peaks besides the second 
region above-named. Upon them occurs: Pinus ponderosa, P. edulis, Juniperus monosperma, 
pachyphloea, Fraxinus velutina (= F. ne Quercus Gambelii, Q. oblongifolia, occasion- 
y Juglans rupestris. Among the smaller trees and shrubs are Morus celtidifolia (= M ier 
phylla), Cercocarpus parvifolius, Forte neo- ne en an Ribes aureum, 
Arctostaphylos pungens and small oaks Quercus undulat e ), Q. hypoleuca. The level 
rythi 
RE 
portion of the plateau is destitute of everything larger than Br with which occur Yucca 
baccata, Y. angustifolia (= Y. glauca), Kikkin and Ephed 
The pihon belt, in the Lincoln forest reserve, Kae Mexico, which comprises the 
untry between the Rio Grande del Norte and the Rio Pecos and includes such ranges as the 
Sacramento Mountains, Sierra Blanca, or White Mountains, Capitan and Jicarilla Mountains, occufs 
between 5,000 and 6,400 feet. The species of this belt nearly the same but with Negundo ace- 
roides and Mexican walnut Juglans rupestris. Along Three Rivers, extending out into 
the desert about ro miles beyond the lower limit of the pinion belt is a narrow broken fringe 
of deciduous trees consisting in the main of the same nme rupestris, Negundo aceroides 
(= Acer negundo), Fraxinus and Robinia neomexican 
The pinon belt west of the Pecos aa in Texas covers the lower 
slopes of the mountains extending on southwest slopes nearly or quite to the 
ae of most of the peaks, but on the northeast slopes of the Guadalupe, Davis 
ı) LoEw, O.; Fernow, B. E.; Merrtam, C. H. (see general bibliography); Ruspy, H. H 
General floral Conditions of the San Francisco and Mogollon Mountains. Trans. N. Y. Acadı 
6 
Sei. VII ? 
2) Merrıam, C. HART: Results of a Biological Survey of the San Francisco Mountain Region, 
1890; Lowe, PERCIVAL: The Plateau of the San Francisco Peaks in its Effect on Trees. Bill. 
Amer. Geogr. Soc. XLI May and Jun 
1909. 
3) Consult also in addition to ii papers mentioned above Rıxon, THEODORE en 2 Forest‘ 
Conditions in the Gila River forest Reserve, New Mexico, Professional Bus No, 3 Series H. 
Forestry 13, U.S. Geological Survey 1905, ven a description of the forests on the San Francisco, 
Tularosa, Mogollon and Black Mountains is given with names of species. 
4) PLUMMER, FRED. G. and GowseLL, M. G.: Forest Conditions in the Lincoln forest Reserv& 
1904. 
Sn 
