586 Part IV.. Chapter 3. 
n shrubs. Bigelovia teretifolia, Aplopappus (Chrysoma) cuneatus, Brickelia 
Rein atractyloides. Hofmeisteria and such perennials as Arenaria macradenia, Eucaie 
urens, Nicotiana trigonophylla while as annuals occur Parietaria un Pterostegia drymarioides 
and Fer Miroialee) micrantha. — 2. Rocky Slope A i This also occupies 
coarse pebbly plains where Larrea mexicana meets with Yucca DERTEES, Opuntia ramosissima, 
chinocactus cylindraceus, Yucca baccata, Atriplex canescens; Fouquiera splendens and Öpuntia 
arborescens ! e plants of the desert sand hi are Co Idenia Palmeri, Hilaria (Pleuraphis) 
Jamesii, en inflatum, Triodia (Tricuspis) RER Mammillaria barbata, Chorizanthe rigida, 
Psathirotes annua. 
Alkaline Marsh Formation. The surface of an alkaline marsh is barren 
of plants, but the margin shows many characteristic plants. At Bennett Wells, 
Death Valley, according to COVILLE, there occur first a circumarea a few meters 
broad of Spirostachys (Allenrolfea) occidentalis, next, a similar circumarea of 
Juncus Cooperi; and third, an association of Sporobolus airoides and Pluchea 
sericea about 300 meters broad. Distichlis spicata (= D. maritima) occurs 
sparingly in the second and third circumareas. The fourth circumarea consists 
of Prosopis juliflora, Atriplex canescens and occasionally Suaeda suffrutescens. 
Larrea and Atripler polycarpa make the next circumarea and Larrea 
distinguishes the sixth, while on the outer margin nearest the preceeding belt 
grow Atriplex hymenelytra and in the other direction Fransera dumosa, Erio- 
gonum inflatum and Hymenoclea salsola. The flora of clayey soil charged 
with sodium salts comprises the same Spiroszachys, Salicornia and Brizopyrum 
spicatum. 
e Stream Banks comprise the usual formation of common plants, viz. Populus Fremonti, 
Prosopis pubescens, Salix longifolia (= S. interior), S. ni ar. venulosa, Apocynum cannabinum, 
Berula “angustifolia (= B. erecta), Eleocharis rostellata, Tee balticus, Nitrophila oceidentalis, 
Seirpus lacustris var. oceidentalis. S. Olneyi, S. pungens (= S. rem the widely distributed 
Typha angustifolia and the european annual grass Polypogon monspeliensis 
2. The elevated Tree Formations. 
Coniferous Forest Formations. Certain of the desert mountain ranges bet- 
ween the Sierra Nevada and the Colorado River rise to a sufficient altitude to 
be crowned with coniferous timber. A belt of Pinus monophylla about 1800 feet 
(600 meters) in width with Suniperus utahensis forms what MERRIAM calls the 
Upper Sonoran Zone. 
Associated with the above trees are Salvia carnosa, Ceanothus Greggii, Artemisia tridentata, _ 
Purshia (Kunzia) glandulosa, Garrya Veatchü, G. flavescens, Ribes le eptanthum, R. brachyanthum, 
viridis, Coleogyne TEE Dalea Ba Sole (in the northern part of the Laer 
Prunus fasciculata and Yucca arborescens. In the Charlestown Mountains above the belt of Pinus 
monophylla is a forest belt of Pinus ponderosa var. scopulorum and on the eastern slop® 
of the Sierra Nevada Mountains occurs a forest of Pinus Jeffreyi. 
1) LOEW, OSCAR: Surveys. west of the one hundredth Meridian in California, Nevada etc 
by GEORGE M. WHEELER, 1876: 
