588 Part IV. Chapter 4. 
Polysiphonia arctica, P. bipinnata, Ptilota asplenoides, P. plumosa, Antithamnion boreale, Ceramium 
rubrum, Gloiopeltis furcata, Odonthalia aleutica, O. Kamtschatica, Plocamium coceineum var. 
uneinatum, Nitophyllum ruthenicum, Delesseria Baeri, D. sinuata, D. decipiens, Gloiosiphonia 
californica, Dumontia filiformis, Cryptosiphonia Grayana, Dilsea Californica, D. arctica, Lithothamnion 
compactum, L. glaciale, L. laeve, Clathromorphum circumscriptum, Lepidomorphum Yendori, 
Amphiroa tuberculosa, A. planiuscula (on shells), Corallina arbuscula, C. pilulifera var. filiformis, 
Agarım Turneri, A. Gmelini, Hedophyllum sessile, Alaria laticosta, A. fragilis, A. lanceolata, 
A. cordata, Laminaria bullata, L. Bongardiana, L. solidungula, L. saccharina, Chorda filum and 
the following algae on the rocks: Myelophycus intestinalis, Scytosiphon bullosus, Eudesme vires- 
cens, Chordaria flagelliformis, Ralfsia deusta, R. clavata. 
ittoral Shelf: Macrocystis pyrifera, Nereocystis priapus, Cystophyllum lepidium, Desma- 
restia viridis, D. aculeata, Gmelini. 
Littoral Shelf: The most abundant seaweed on the northwest coast is Fucus evanes- 
cens forma macrocephalus. It is found in all quiet bays and protected places from Puget 
Sound to Bering Sea, forming the characteristic light brown covering extending some distance 
above the average tide level. In many places, the plant is not covered by salt water more than 
twice a month. It is able to thrive from the moisture in the atmosphere. This species and 
Plylaiella littoralis extend farthest up the mouths of streams and fresh water bays?) and there 
are many other algae in .this shelf, viz. the characteristie: Ulothrix flacca, Phyllitis fascia; on rocks: 
Coelodesme bulligera, Soranthera ulvoides, Leathesia difformis, Chordaria abietina; Halosaceion 
spec. Ceratothamnion, Microcladia borealis, Rhodomela spec. and Lithophyllum Farlowii, 
Strand Formation. Little is known of the strand flora of Alaska. The 
only observations on the beach vegetation obtainable for this account were 
made by FREDERICK FUNSTON at Yakutat Bay °), where stretching along the 
beach from Cape Phipps to the Ankau is a treeless strip of low sand dunes 
lying between high tide mark and the margin of the forest, a distance of 
ı00 yards. Elsewhere, similar dunes occur. The vegetation of these sand 
dunes is less dense and rank than that of the forest openings, though in some 
localities many acres are covered with Fragaria chiloensis. On the grassy 
dunes near the Malaspina Glacier, this plant is found in immense quantities. 
The coarse grass of these beaches is Elymus arenarius, associated with Za- 
thyrus maritimus, Arabis hirsuta, Moehringia lateriflora, Castilleja miniata, 
Ranunculus Nelsoni, Lupinus nootkaensis var. unalaskensis etc. 
2. Coniferous Forest Formations. 
On a previous page of this book 3) mention has been made of the fact 
that the forest of the interior of Alaska is of different origin from that of the 
inmediate coast, representing the northwestward extension of the coniferous 
forest, which stretches uninterruptediy from Labrador westward to Bering Sea. 
This forest does not concern us at this place. The coast forest. of the sou 
eastern portion of Alaska, Iying west of the coast ranges of mountains "9 * 
dense one. This forest may be considered to be the northern extention ji 
1) SAUNDERS, DE ALTON, loc. cit, p. 196, 
2) COVILLE, FREDERICK V. and FUNSTON, FR,: See Bibl. p. 52. Botany of Yalıtat BIN 
331332. 
3) See ante page 208. 
