Sitkan Region. 591 
coast hemlock, 7suga Mertensiana, the mountain hemlock, 7: suga Pattoniana 
(at 2,000 feet), Thuja gigantea, Chamaecyparis nootkatensis, Pinus contorta and 
Taxus brevifolia. Three trees are rather rare: 7huja, Chamaecyparis and 
nus. The forest, therefore, is essentially like that of the mainland previously 
described. 
As one tree practically is dominant throughout the entire region, the forest may be said to form 
a single uniform formation in which the undergrowth is practically the same throughout. The herbs 
are Spiranthes decipiens, Streptopus, Tiarella trifoliata, Coptis asplenifolia, Pirola (5 spec.) and 
g 
ra, Salix Barclayi, Sambucus racemosa, Viburnum pauciflorum occur at the margins, or in 
the open glades. Remarkable smaller plants of this forest formation are Cornus canadensis, 
Trientalis arctica, Coptis trifolia, Moneses uniflora, Aquilegia formosa, Ranunculus orthorhynchus, 
Viola sarmentosa (= V. sempervirens), Claytonia sarmentosa, Clintonia uniflora, Geranium erianthum, 
Dodecatheon Meadia, Rosa nutkana (wood borders) and gymnocarpa (climbing), Fragaria chilo@n- 
sis. — On the banks of small streams are found Saxifraga punctata, S. stellaris, S. Mertensiana, 
Mimulus Langsdorfii, Heuchera glabra and Claytonia sibirica. Seattered through the forest are 
open treeless spots, the larger of which are swampy where grow Lysichiton kamtschatcensis, 
Menyanthes, Athyrium filix- foemina. the drier glades grow such grasses as Deschampsia 
caespitosa, Hierochlo@ odorata with Fritillaria kamtschatcensis. 
3. Meadows, Helophytic and Psychrophytic Formations. 
Meadow Formation. The only extensive grass lands in southeastern 
Alaska are those in the river valleys near the coast south of Yakutat, covering 
an old glacial moraine composed of a fine gravel which slopes gently to the 
Seashore, while along the lower Ankau occurs a strip of several hundred acres 
well grassed with Deschampsia caespitosa and Elymus mollis, while along the 
fiver banks is a fine growth of Calamagrostis, Langsdorfi and Car Br eryple- 
carpa. In general this formation consists of the grasses Deschampsia Bude. 
Caespitosa, Poa pratensis, Agrostis canına, Calamagrostis neglecta, : . 
echinata. Adjoined grow Fritillaria kamtschatcensiS, Iris versicolor an "% i 
rica, orchids Spiranthes and Habenaria, Rumex salicifolius, Ranımculus. Br 
“ia formosa, Parnassia, ‚Poterium Sanguisorba, Archangelica yes 2 6 
catheon, Collinsia, Boschniakia glabra, Pingutcula, Arnica cordifolia and Fre- 
nanthes alata. 
Swamp and Pond Formation. In the swamps are present Glyceria er 
fora, Carex gynocrates (= C. Redowskyana), To} ldia borealis, m. ie 
Sine) borealis, Caltha palustris var. sibirica, Comarum, Hıppurıs, en BB 
Myrica gale. — Menyanthes trifoliata and Nuphar polysepalum ee z pie: 
low Ponds that are found in some of these opens. The algae of suc 
Water ponds') are numerous. 
En EEE 
2: arrim: Expedition. V. 
RS, DE ALToON: The algae of the Expedition. H BERN. 
I SAUNDE 
Cryptogamic Botany 1904: 155—211. 
