Puget Sound—Cascade District. 601 
peaks extends up to 10,500 feet (3,200 meters) altitude. The lower portion 
of this belt, except where there are outcroppings, is covered with a dense 
carpet of grasses and flowering plants. 
ig the more abundant of the former are Festuca viridula, Poa arctica and Agrostis Rossii. 
ong the conspicuous herbs in the damper places are Ranunculus Suksdorfii, Caltha leptosepala, 
chen Jeffreyi. On the drier slopes Pulsatilla occidentalis raises its tosseled mass of akenes; 
Lupinus subalpinus forms great patches of a ge oreopola makes carpets of dull erimson 
and Potentilla flabellifolia furnishes abundance of yellow color. Two “heathers” are var 
Bryanthus (Phyllodoce) empetriformis with a = en flowers and Cassiope Merten- 
siana with clusters of pure white. Along the rills Gentiana calycosa and Mimulus Lewis form 
right colored borders. Saxifraga Tolmiei and Eriogynia (Lütkea) pectinata form dense mats. 
eneral above 2,400— 2,500 meters grow Agrostis humilis, Festuca ovina var. br Fakes 
Eriogonum pyrolaefolium, Carex atrata, Douglasia laevigata, Aster alpinus, A, pulchellus, Eriger 
salsuginosus, Antennaria alpina and in moory places Betula glandulosa, Rubus arcticus, ee 
viviparum and Salix arctica, while at about 3,000 meters are found Carex Breweri, C. pyrenaica and 
C. Nardina, At 10,000 feet on Mount Tacoma (Rainier) . PERELONHENR ovalis and far above 
this plant even to the rim of the crater lichens occur on the rocks, while on the steam-warmed 
rocks of the crater are two mosses Hypnum elegans an EEE fontana‘). On the summit 
of Mount Scott (9,122 feet) are found Pentstemon Davidsonii, Polemonium Arge Der 
eompositus, Eriophyllum lanatum, Oxyria digyna, Saxifraga Tolmiei, Cryptogramme & 
Carex Breweri, Potentilla glandulosa, Raillardella argentea, Anemone (Pulsatilla) Een 
Spraguea umbellata, Polygonum Newberryi, P. shastense, Lupinus minimus, Trisetum subspicatum 
and Juncus Parryi2). 
According eo CovILLE (loc. eit.) upon such rocky peaks as Watchman (8,125 feet) and Castle 
Crest oceur a series of rupestrine plants conspieuous among which are Cryptogramme acrostichoides, 
Oxyria digyna, Pulsatilla oceidentalis. Arabis Lyallii, Peucedanum Martindalei, Bryanthus (Phyllo- 
doce) glanduliflorus, Pentstemon Davidsonii and Hieracium gracile. 
B. Olympic District. 
This district includes the Olympic Mountains in northwest Washington and 
the Coast Mountains of Oregon. The Olympic Mountains culminate in Mount 
Olympus 8,200 feet in altitude. This district is hardly distinct phytogeographi- 
cally from the Puget Sound-Cascade mountain district but it differs mainly in 
negative characteristics viz: (1) the absence of many trees such as Pinus pon- 
derosa, P. Murrayana, P. albicaulis, the mountain hemlock 7suga Pattoniana, 
Picea Basen, etc.; (2) in its geographic isolation; (3) in the more uniform 
Constitution of the forest ge ; 
Coniferous Forest Formation. Taken as a whole this is the most heavily 
forested region of the northwest, extending in unbroken formation to the edge 
mm 
1),Pıper, C. V.: The flora of Mount Rainier. Mazama II: 94, April 1901. — The flora of 
Washington, pP. 63-65. 
2) Covirız, F. V.: The August Vegetation of Mount Mazama. Mazama I: ragen 
3) The number of papers on the flora of the Olympics is extremely ih e 
Sie with only three on its flora: merken gr a ch: 
Orest Reserv ical Survey, Pa er 
of the ken a: ra HENR ; y $.: The Olympie Peninsula of w asbington. 
Science new ser. XXI: 392, March 10, 1905. 
