606 Part IV. Chapter 4. 
as Salmon Creek Canyon in the Santa Lucia Mountains, ı2 miles south of 
Punta Gorda. 
The Redwood Slope Formation is the common type. It occurs on the steep sides of the 
Coast Range and is a mixture of Sequoia sempervirens, Pseudotsuga Douglasii, densiflora and 
Abies grandis with an occasional tree of Arbutus Menziesii, or the coast hemlock Tsuga Merten- 
siana. The redwood (Sequoia) is predominant in the mixture and the red = (Pseudotsuga) 
anks next with a dense undergrowth of Gaultheria Shallon, Acer macrophyllum, Rhododendron 
oceidentalis, Berberis repens (= B. Aquifolium), Rubus nutkanus, etc. The herbaceous Rarc of 
this forest are Calypso borealis, Nephrodium (Polystichum) munitum, Anemone nemorosa, Zygadenus 
paniculatus, Trillium ovatum, Adiantum pedatum, Viola sarmentosa, Cardamine nr Claytonia 
perfoliata, Erythronium Se Oxalis oregona, Bromus laevipes, Melica bromoides, Hierochlo® 
u, ee risetum canescens, 
Benson The redwood steadily gains on the other species and the 
forest RR denser as the slopes become moderate, the altitude lower, the soil deeper and 
the water supply better. Associated with the redwood are Pseudotsuga, Quercus densiflora, Picea 
Se Chamaecyparis er Thuja gigantea, Tsuga Mertensiana, Abies grandis, Taxus 
vifolia, Torreya ER , Pinus contorta, Umbellularia californica, Arbutus Menziesii, Rham- 
nus Purshiana, Alnus En Cupressus Goveniana !). 
Along the central portion of its range the redwood occupies the ground 
to the almost entire exclusion of all other trees. Its distinguishing features 
are the great size ofthe trees, their amazing vitality, producing a new growth 
from the charred stumps and the thickness with which they stand together. 
Nowhere is there such an amount of timber to the acre. The trees vary in 
height from 180 to 325 feet (55;—ı0o m) and in diameter from nine to twenty 
(3—7 m). They stand so thickly, that there is not space for a team to pass 
between them. In Humboldt County some acres in flats along streams will 
yield as much as 500,000 feet B. M.?). 
3. Interior Upland Range Formations. 
These formations include the extensive open ranges Iying east of the redwood 
strip. These ranges are diversified by masses of Pseudotsuga Douglasii, oak 
woods, chemisal or mixed shrubby vegetation, open grassy slopes (so called 
prairies), tiny mountain meadows or wide enclosed valleys and with small 
patches of redwood in canyons, or cool slopes on their landward sides. 
Forest Formation. The gulches and steep sides of the canyons, especially 
their eastern slopes are thickly covered with trees and underbrush. The pre- 
valent trees are Pseudotsuga Douglasii, Ouercus californica (6—-7 feet in dia- 
meter), Ouercus Garryana, Q. densiflora (sometimes 130 feet high, 7 feet dia- 
meter), Arbutus Mensziesii and along the streams Umbellularia californica. Less 
abundant but by no means uncommon are Pinus ponderosa, Castanopsis chryso- 
phylla, Acer macrophyllum, Libocedrus decurrens, Cornus Nuttallii, Torreya cali- 
ı) FISHER, RıcHARD T.: A Study of the Redwoods, U. S. Bureau of Forestry. Bulletin 38, 1903- 
2) The unit of board measure (B. M.) is the board foot, which is a board ı inch thick and 
ı foot square. 
