616 | Part IV. Chapter 4. 
Lupinus albifrons, Monardella odoratissima, Claytonia triphylla, Orthocarpus pilosus, Pentstemon 
glaber var, utahensis, P. Newberryi, Potentilla flabellifolia, P. pseudorupestris, Scutellaria nana, 
Spraguea umbellata, Stellaria (Alsine) crispa. 
2. Alpine Formation. 
This belt occupies the pumice‘) and lava between timberline and the 
upper limit of plant growth. On the warmer southwestern slopes its lower 
limit may be found at 9,500 to 9,800 feet. The great majority of alpine spe- 
cies stop at or below an altitude of 11,000 feet, but on the relatively 
warm southwestern slopes Hulsea nana was found at 11,300 feet (3445 m), and 
Draba Breweri and Polemonium pulchellum, as high as 13,000 feet (3962 m), 
the extreme limit of plant growth on Mount Shasta. 
The species known to occur in the alpine belt of Mount Shasta are: 
Achillea borealis. Erigeron compositus var. trifi- Pentstemon Menziesii. 
Agoseris(Troximon)monticola. dus, Phacelia frigida. 
Antennaria media. Eriogonum polypodum. Polemonium pulchellum. 
Arabis platysperma. > pyrolaefolium. Polygonum Newberryi. 
Aster shastensis. Eriogynia pectinata. shastense. 
alpiginum. Erysimum (Cheiranthus) peren- Pulsatilla occidentalis. 
Cardamine bellidifolia var. Hieracium albiflorum. fnis. agina saginoides (= S. Lin- 
» pachyphylla. > gracile, Saxi olmiei. (naei). 
Breweri. » horridum. Senecio canus, 
Chaenactis nevadensis. Hulsea Larseni. Sibbaldia procumbens 
hamnus Bloomeri. >» nana. Silene Grayi. 
Cymopterus terebinthinus. Juncus Parryi. « uksdorfi. 
Dicentra uniflora. Ligusticum Grayi. Spraguea umbellata. 
Draba Breweri. Lupinus Lyalli. Streptanthus orbiculatus. 
Elymus einereus, > ornatus. Veronica Cusicki. 
Erigeron armerifolius. |- Oxyria digyna. ' Viola purpurea. 
b) Sierra Area. 
The Sierra Nevada Mountains proper begin in the neighborhood of Lassen’s 
Peak and trend approximately south to Tehachapi Bay, where they blend with 
the mountains of southern California, the San Bernardino and Coast ranges. 
The flora of this area has long attracted botanists, and it is fairly well known. 
1. Foothill and Mountain Formations. 
Forest Formations. Beginning at the lowest elevations on the west slopes 
of the Sierras in proximity to the San Joaquin Valley, the following forest belts 
can be distinguished: The Foothill belt, may be subdivided into the open 
fo othills (500—2,500 feet) and the chaparral (2,500—4,500 feet). The trees 
of the foothill forests are Ouercus Wislizeni (500—4,000 feet), Ceanothus cune- 
alus (1,000—3,500 feet), Aesculus californica (500— 3,000 feet). 
1) Pumice is spongy volcanie scoria, or lava, usually in loose pieces. 
