Sierra Nevadan District. | 617 
In these foothills appears Quercus Douglasii (500—2,500 feet) associated with Rhamnus cali- 
fornica (ranging to 6,000 feet), Rhus diversiloba (to 3,500 feet), Senecio Douglasii (to 2,500 feet), 
Lupinus Chamissonis (to 1,700 feet), Ceanothus californieus (= C. integerrimus), Ribes velutinum 
(at about 1,600 feet), Calycanthus oceidentalis (1,700—3,500 feet), Eriodietyon glutinosum (1,700 
— 4,500 feet). e digger or nut pine Pinus sabiniana is the first coniferous tree met in ascending 
the range from the west and it is scattered singly or in groups of five, six trees. Its extreme 
upper limit is 4,000 feet. Its range follows closely ie limit of the arid belt, it does not extend 
into the valley plain, but is generally restricted to an elevation between 500 and 2,500 feet 
Pinus attenuata (= P. tuberculata) is found at an elevation of from 1,500 to 3,000 feet growing 
in close groves 
Near the lower border of the chaparral or brush appear Aremontia calı- 
fornica (2,500—4,000 feet), Fraxinus dipetala (2,500—3,500 feet), Ceanothus 
divaricatus (2,700 to 4,000 feet), Bigelovia arborescens (2,500—4,000 feet), 
Cercocarpus parvifolius (3,800—4,000 feet), Ouercus Breweri (3,500-—5,500 feet, 
preferring northward or northwestward slopes), Oxercus dumosa (4,000—4,300 
feet, inclined to grow in thickets), Dendromecon rigidum (3,800 feet), and 
Prunus subcordata (4,300—4,500 feet '). 
The Pinus ponderosa Formation constitutes a belt of forest ranging 
from 2,500 feet to 6,500 feet in the northern Sierras. 
The trees of this belt are Pinus ponderosa (6—3 feet in diameter, 220 feet in height), P. 
ponderösa var. Jeffreyi (attaining its best development in the north), Pinus Lambertiana (6—12 feet 
in diameter, 245 feet high), Pseudotsuga Douglasii, Abies concolor, Abies magnifica, Libocedrus 
decurrens (ascending to 5,000 feet on the warmer hillsides), Taxus brevifolia (along main range 
ierra in shady dells), Torreya californica (in gulches), Populus trichocarpa, Alnus rhombifolia, 
Castanopsis chrysophylla, Quereus chrysolepis, Q. californica (= Q. Kelloggii), Q. dumosa, Q. 
densiflora, Cercocarpus parvifolius var. ei Prunus demissa, P, subcordata, Acer macro- 
phyllum, Rhamnus Purshiana, Cornus Nuttallii and Arbutus Menziesii. 
The most remarkable tree ofthis belt is Segueia gigantea (= S. Welling- 
lonia), the California big tree (see plate II at page 200, Calaveras Grove). 
It extends in widely interrupted groves from the middle fork of the American 
River to the head of Deer Creek, a distance of about 260 miles, the approx- 
'imate elevation being from 5,000—8,000 feet”). From the American River 
Grove to the forest on Kings River the species occurs in small isolated groups, 
but from Kings River southward Sequoia gigantea extends across the broad 
rugged basins of the Kaweah and Tule rivers in noble forests, a distance of 
nearly seventy miles, the continuity of this part of the belt being broken only 
by deep canyons (see pages 199— 200). As we advance southward, these forest 
giants become more and more irrepressibly exuberant. According to my obser- 
vations in the Calaveras and Tuolumne groves, the growth is not pure, but 
nevertheless, there are trees which measure over 300 feet in height and a stem 
ı) Duprey, Wırzıam R.: Zonal Distribution of Trees and Shru 
Sierra Club Bulletin No. 24, June 1901: 298—312; HANSEN, le Ceanothus in Landsca; 
of the Sierra Nevada. Garden and Forest X, 1897: 102—103. 
2) See Mur, J., in the Bibliography p. 80; SupworTH, G. B., ante p. 81 (U. S, Geol. Surv. 
505—561); LEIBERG, Jonn B., in California Professional Bi No. 8, 1902: Series H. Forestry 5; 
Dvprev, W. R., in U. $, Divis, of Forestry, Bull. 28, 1900. 
in the southern Sierra. 
ape 
