San Bernardino District. 625 
A small group ot plants, according to PARISH?!) enter directly from lower California and in- 
habit a narrow strip along the coast. Some barely enter this a a few penetrate some 
distance within it, and the last one in the accompanying list of such plants disappears at Santa 
Barbara: Acalypha californica, Agave Shawii, Arctostaphylos dire Baccharis sarothroides, 
Beloperone californica, Cereus Emoryi, Dithyrea californica, Frankenia Palmeri, Isomeris arborea, 
Iva Hayesiana, Mamillaria dioica, Opuntia prolifera, A. serpentina, Simondsia californica nnd 
Viguiera laciniata. 
2. Chaparral Formation. 
The most evident characteristic of the coastal territory is the prevalence 
of oaks. Its rolling hills are covered with open groves of Ouercus Engelmannü 
and O. agrifolia associated with Rus laurina. Scrub oak chaparral consists 
of a growth of Ouercus dumosa. Two types of this formation may be distin- 
guished, namely, the foothill and mountain types. 
Mountain Facies. The vegetation of the mountain type consists principally 
of shrubs with a constant admixture of herbaceous forms. With a few 
exceptions (Lzdocedrus decurrens, Pseudotsuga macrocarpa, Pinus ponderosa) 
trees are absent. The scrub level is commonly between 6 and g feet in height. 
The following are the most common forms and give the chaparral its general characteristies: 
Arctostaphylos manzanita, Gilia californica, Audibertia stachyoides, Ceanothus sorediatus, C. cune- 
atus, C. divaricatus, Quercus dumosus, Quercus chrysolepis, Q. Wislizeni, Castilleja parviflora, 
Cercocarpus ledifolius, Pentstemon heterophyllus and P. spectabilis. Occasionally some of these 
forms are found in other formations, but they are not common ther a tend to take on a 
different form of growth. A number of other forms are also met ER in the mountain scrub 
but these are not frequent and are not regarded as migrants from other formations. They do 
not contribute to the general character of the scrub. 
In little isolated patches between the dense scrub masses are found the following characte- 
ristic herbaceous forms: Chlorogalum DUREINERTEN Zygadenus Fremontii, Gomphocarpus tomen- 
tosus, Solidago californica, Epilobium ulatum Clarkia pulchella. These forms are not 
between the scrub are larger, masses of the following are found: 
L. sparsiflorus, L. hirsutissimus, Sanicula arctopoides, Chaenactis artemisiaefolia, Salvia columbariae, 
Eschscholtzia californica and Viola PERHREBIEE The last three are very common but are not 
restricted to this formation. Yucca 
cence stems is a common and typie mountain form. Clam 
als of Vicia americana var, truncata, Vieia linearis, and to a less extend 
f 
found numerous BE 
Even on the top 0 
Convolvulus occidentalis var. tenuissimus and Clematis lasiantha. 
Mt. Santiago (1 (1,728 meters), the highest peak, these are found in abundance. 
Foothill Facies. The foothill type is like the mountain type, characterized 
by a scrub growth. The extent of the scrub is not so great and its nature, 
both as to composition and structure, is decidedly different from that of the 
mountains. The scrub varies between 2 and 6 feet in height. Its habit is 
spreading and open, a marked contrast to the more erect and close grown 
mountain form. The mountain scrub is soctal, this is unsocial. As a rule 
each plant stands by itself and has more or less clear space about it. 
Botanical Gazette XXXVI: 261. 
1) ParısH, S. B.: Sketch of the Botany of southern California, 
40 
Harshberger, Survey N,-America 
