632 Part IV. Chapter 4. 
Humid Forest Belt. Lying above the 9,000 foot contour line in the San 
Gabriel Mountains on a few summits and slopes occur Adzes concolor 
(35 per cent), Pinus flexilis (15 per cent) and Pinus Murrayana. These trees 
form an open forest, with scanty and low underbrush, which is broken by bare, 
rocky expanses. This humid type of forest in the San Bernardino Moun- 
tains between elevations of 8,500 feet and 11,500 feet is composed of Adzes 
concolor (45 per cent), Libocedrus decurrens (2 per cent), P. Murrayana (35 per 
cent) and other pines. This belt represents in its relative position, if not 
wholly in species, the alpine-fir type of the forests north of California. 
Between 9,500 and 11,500 feet the following is the composition of the forest: Abies concolor 
8 per cent), Pinus flexilis (50 per cent), P. Lambertiana (I per cent), P. Murrayana (40 per cent), 
R. Armen (1 per cent). 
San Jacinto range at 9,500 feet the following trees mostly disappear: Abies 
concolor, Libocedrus decurrens, Pinus Lambertiana, P. ponderosa. The sugar pine, Pinus 
ambertiana persists as low, stumpy trees two to three hundred feet above 9,500 feet. At this 
elevation, Pinus Murrayana and P. flexilis begin to grow. The increase rapidly in numbers 
and above 9,800 feet, they constitute nearly the entire arborescent growth. 
he greater part of this belt corresponding with the Canadian and Hudsonian zones of 
is characterized besides the trees previously mentioned by the presence of Carex Halli, 
C. nebraskensis, Montia Sur ee Poa alpina, Silene Parishii, Stellaria (Alsine) crispa and Viola 
blanda. 
_n 
'3. Meadows, Stream Plants and Alpine Crests. 
Meadow Formation. Meadows of various sizes are scattered over the San 
Jacinto Mountains between the altitudes of 4,000 and 10,000 feet. Wherever 
the water rises to the surface, the coniferous forest is replaced by a meadow. 
The vegetation of the smaller hillside meadows consists largely of true 
grasses such as Agrostis tenuis and Sporobolus gracillimus which predominate 
with a species of Bromus on the margins. 
Associated with the grasses, according to HALL?) are, Sisyrinchium bellum, Mimulus primu- 
loides, M. Langsdorfi var. Tilingii and Rumex salicifolius. Wire grass Juncus mexicanus enters 
largely into the composition of certain meadow floras and where the water rises nearer the sur- 
face, appear Agropyrum caninum, Elymus triticoides and Polypogon monspeliensis. In boggy 
hills Ge meadows between 6,000 and 9,000 feet grow Agrostis tenuis, Phleum alpinum, and where 
the soil contains but a moderate amount of moisture, Elymus glaueus and Bromus jr. 
while Glyceria nervata lines the creeks below 7,500 feet altitude. In Round Valley, at an alti- 
tude of 9,000 feet occurs a meadow unlike others) for here under the same edaphie ae 
Carex Hallü and C. nebraskensis replace the grasses except Poa alpina, - 
The streams in Strawberry and Onstatt valleys, San Jacinto range, are lined with aRiparian 
Formation of Alnus rhombifolia, Salix lasiolepis, S. laevigata, and in Air canyons Rhododen- 
dron (Azalea) occidentale and Cornus pubescens. Many herbs are found in the moist soil and 
under deep shade along streams: Lilium Parryi, Habenaria ee Epipactis gigantea and 
ilacina amplexicaulis, Aquilegia truncata, Castilleja miniata, Epilobium glaberrimum and Hosackia 
oblongifoties 
There exists on San Jacinto Mountain under xerophytic conditions with low 
temperature and dry soil in the crevices of rocks aCrest Formation where 
ı) Harı, H. M.: Loc. cit. page 268. 
