690 Part IV. Chapter 7. 
gida cover the seaward slope of the dunes and their outer ridges are occupied 
by Uniola, Cyperus brunneus and fine beds of Hymenocallis arenicola. The 
same association occupies the rocky, or sandy ledge that runs along the western 
beach of Watlings Island at high-tide mark. The rock is not hard, but is 
covered with sand in which grow Tournefortia gnaphaloides, Suriana marilima 
and the trailing Ambrosia hispida. 
Chrysobalanus (cocoa-plum) Association. This occupies the rounded sandy eleva- 
tions on Watlings Island immediately behind the flat area of the above. The association is almost 
pure consisting of Chrysobalanus fellocarpus and C.icaco. Coccoloba uvifera, Ilex Krugiana, Ernodea 
littoralis, Genipa celusiifolia, Rhus Metopium, Reynosia septentrionalis, and Eugenia confusa appear 
scattered in this formation. 
The Sabal-Lantana Association of Sabal (Inodes) palmetto (see plate IX at p. 433) on 
Watlines Island forms a very distinct line. The trees are 20 to 25 feet high with which are 
associated Phyllanthus epiphyllanthus, Chloris petraea, Cenchrus tribuloides and Dalbergia ecasto- 
phyllum. 
The Pithecolobium-Salmea Association begins on New Providence Island immedia- 
tely behind the Uniola-Tournefortia Association. Its prineipal plants are according to COKER! 
Pithecolobium, Salmea, Torrubia, Jacquemontia, Erithalis, Lantana involucrata, Ernodea, Solanum 
bahamense and oceasional tufts of Cyperus brunneus. The shrubs of this formation are low and 
dwarfed, generally not more than three feet high. 
Erithalis-Reynosia (littoral sand-coppice) Association. The flat tops of sand 
ridges on New Providence Island are occupied by this association in which Erithalis fruticosa, 
Reynosia septentrionalis, Rhus Metopium, Torrubia, Salmea, Myrsine guianensis, Ilex Krugiana, 
Genipa clusiifolia, Acacia choriophylla, Bumelia cubensis and microphylla, Bourreria havanensis, 
and Uniola racemiflora are the principal constituents. At Powell’s Point, Eleuthera, the most noti- 
g 
serub are Lantana, Erithalis, Pithecolobium, Cajanus cajan, Tecoma bahamensis, Psychotria undata, 
Reynosia, Eugenia, Tetrazygia, Croton, Phyllanthus, Smilax Beyrichii, Jacquemontia jamaicensis, 
Coecothrinax Association. The characteristie tree is the silver palm, Coccothrinax 
jucunda, which grows on the inner slopes of ridges in New Providence and extends to the marshy 
depression behind. On Green Cay this palm is scattered in dry areas, but in lower damper places 
it is replaced by Thrinax bahamensis and these palms are associated with Pithecolobium, Jac- 
quinia keyensis, Reynosia septentrionalis, Cassia lineata and Antirrhaea myrtifolia. — Along the 
beach on Watlings Island are low sand dunes where Coecothrinax jucunda is abundant, but the 
associated species are different from those species mentioned above. This association on Great 
In Island occupies the “whiteland” region where the associated species are Coccothrinax 
jucunda and Jacquinia keyensis. 
Fresh-water Formations. A Marsh Formation occurs in New Providence 
behind the beach where the soil is saturated or entirely covered with shallow 
water. Sabal Palmetto, the thatch palm (see pl. IX, p. 433), is abundant 
on the damp margins of the marsh and a few also enter the marsh, along 
the edge of which also grow Mikania heterophylla, Centella repanda, Cladium 
effusum, Sabbatia campanulata and Ipomoea sagittata. Anona palustris occurs 
