Tropie Zone: Bermudan Region. 703 
Pembroke Marsh is characterized by somewhat similar associations of plants, such as 
Panicum crus-galli, Cyperus flavescens, Ranunculus repens, . _.: Ludwigia ‚(Isnar- 
dia) palustris, but in addition to the plants noticed above Governor LEFROY!) mentions several 
other plants peculiar to it, f. e. Spiranthes brevilabris, the only orchid of een The omni- 
present cedar is found along the edges of this marsh together with Sabal Blackburniana 
which invades it. In a small pool grows Lemna minor and in Paget Marsh, Carex bermudiana. 
Dune Formation. Sand dunes occur typically along the south shore of 
Bermuda at the head of reentrant bays between stretches of rocky coast. 
Several low dunes are found on the north shore, as at Shelly Bay. The middle 
beach is covered with masses of Sargassum, washed ashore at high tide. 
The upper beach at the foot of the dunes is characterized by the presence of Cakile lanceolata, 
occasional elumps of Tournefortia gnaphalodes, Scaevola Plumieri, and Croton punctatus. 
pes-caprae sends its long runners down from the slopes of the dunes, associated with Scaevola 
Plumieri, Stenotaphrum americanum. A little back of the crest of the dunes are found Tourne- 
fortia gnaphalodes, Ipomoea pes-caprae, Scaevola Plumieri, Juniperus bermudiana (wind- 
swept form) issue er epidium virginieum, Euphorbia buxifolia, Canavalia ob- 
igsitolia, Opuntia vulgaris. On the dunes at Tuckertown, Scaevola Plumieri forms extensive tracts 
n pure association Boseralk Kerne with Alsine Baldwinii. Solidago sempervirens, as 
in the eastern United States, is also a dune plant together with the glaucous and hairy forms of 
Borrichia arborescens and Dodonaea viscosa. Conocarpus erectus forms thickets which in 
some places protects the dune crest. Here we have a in plant occuring on sand 
dunes under perhaps similar ecologie conditions as in salt water. 
Sea Cliff Formation. The coast line of Bermu e is generally rocky and the waves 
have honeycombed the rocks into jagged forms with sea caves hollowed out beneath. These 
rocks support a characteristie vegetation consisting of Matthiola incana, Suriana maritima, Borrichia 
arborescens, B. frutescens, prostrate trees of Conocarpus erectus, clumps of Solidago sempervirens, 
Lantana involucrata, L. camara, Euphorbia buxifolia, the crab grass Stenotaphrum americanum 
(covering all the available soil on the rocks), while wind-swept trees of Juniperus bermudiana, 
ucca aloifolia and dwarf palmettos, Sabal Blackburniana also a ound in some places. 
Coccoloba uvifera in Bermuda seems to prefer the rocky shores to those of sand. Sesuvium 
portulacastrum and Lippia nodiflora are also rock plants. 
Cedar Forest Formation. This formation has been signified by the name 
“forest”, although no true forest exists on the islands, for the reason that the 
growth of the cedar trees Funiperus bermudiana is too open and the trees 
are not tall and dominant in the forest sense. However, all of the hillsides 
and hill summits not under cultivation are covered with this cedar with the 
admixture of Forestiera porulosa, Sabal Blackburniana, Chiococca bermudiana, 
Ilex vomitoria (= I. cassine, Eugenia axillaris, Borreria laevis, Zanthoxylum 
Favum (rare). 
This species of juniper is a rapid growing one and reaches a merchantable size (2—3 feet 
in diameter), but it differs from the eastern American species (J. virginiana) in branching much 
more freely. It produces fruit in abundance. It is hard to eh the character of the ori- 
ginal undergrowth. Now it consists of two species of Lantana (L. involucrata, L. camara), 
the prevailing exotic Nerium oleander, Lippia nodiflora, Galium m Solidago sempervirens 
and Sisyrynchium bermudianum. The rock erevices are filled with delicate endemic fern, Adiantum 
1) LEFrov, Governor Sir J. H.: The Botany of Bermuda. Bulletin U. S. National Museum 
No, 25, 1884 
