34 THE REPORT OF THE No. 36 



Cherry Fruit- Flies (Rhagoletis cingulata and R. fausta). These insects 

 were not abundant this year. 



Bud Moth {Tmetocera ocellana). Cigar Case-Bearer (Coleophora flet- 

 cherella) and Pistol Case-Bearer {Coleophora malivorella) . In the orchards 

 around Newcastle where these insects were so abundant last year very few could 

 be found this year. This was apparently due to parasitism or else unfavourable 

 weather conditions in the summer of 1921 and not to the effect last of winter, 

 because in the fall of 1921 an examination of the trees showed that there were 

 very few insects of the new generation. 



Canker Worms {Paleacrita vernata and Alsophila pometaria). In several 

 of the districts where canker worm outbreaks occurred last year there was 

 considerable trouble again this year, but on the whole they did much less damage 

 than in 1921. From the number of females of the fall canker worms to be 

 seen this November in some districts it would not be surprising if considerable 

 injury were done next year by this species. 



Leaf Hoppers of the Apple {Empoa rosce and Empoasca malt). In 

 the orchards around Brighton these hoppers, especially the rose hopper, were 

 exceptionally abundant and almost every leaf on the apple trees was severely 

 blotched and whitened by their work. In the Niagara district the hoppers 

 were also abundant, but in Norfolk where they had been very abundant a few 

 years before there was not nearly so much evidence of their work. In the Niagara 

 district observations indicated that the hoppers had played an important part 

 in the spread of pear blight. 



Leaf Bugs or Plant Bugs {Miridce). Almost every year one or more 

 species of leaf bug causes serious loss to fruit, especially to apples in one or 

 more of the fruit districts of the province. Last year a well cared for apple 

 orchard of nine acres at Lucknow had 25 per cent, of the fruit so injured by a 

 species of Red Bug {Lygidea mendax) that it had to be graded as domestic or 

 culls. This year, though many of the nymphs could be seen when the blossoms 

 were just bursting, the owner, following instructions on control, harvested a 

 good crop which graded nearly all under number 1 and 2. 



The Green Apple Bug {Lygus communis) at Newcastle this year was 

 kept under good control both on pears and apples by careful spraying with 

 nicotine sulphate. 



In the Niagara district the peach orchards which in 1920 and 1921 had been 

 attacked by Lygus quercalbce, Lygus caryce and Lygus omnivagus were not 

 much injured this year. The terms Oak Plant Bug and Hickory Plant Bug 

 are suggested as appropriate names for Lygus quercalba and Lygus caryce 

 respectively. 



Apple Aphids. Aphids this year in some districts did considerable damage 

 to apples, for instance, in one orchard visited, the fruit in the centre and lower 

 parts of Greening trees was all deformed by the rosy aphis. In most districts, 

 however, there was comparatively little damage done to bearing trees by this 

 or the green apple aphis. On young apple trees in the Niagara district the 

 latter species was fairly abundant. 



Black Cherry Aphis (Myzus cerasi). The stem mothers of this species 

 were more numerous than usual in Niagara; Owing however, to spraying and 

 no doubt to weather conditions also the aphis did not become sufficiently abundant 

 at any time to cause serious loss. 



Green Peach Aphis {Myzus persicce). As quite frequently happens in 

 the Niagara district the air on bright warm days the last week in September 

 was full of returned migrants of this species. 



