RECENT LITERATURE. 43 



nearly white, bred from a wild pupa dug at Tarvin near Chester ; an 

 ab. of Vanessa urticce, with nearly black hind wings captured at Pare 

 Llwydiarth, North Wales; Triphcena fimbria with crescent mark on 

 hind wings, bred from Delamere, two vars. of Nevieophila russula also 

 with hind wings black nearly all over taken in the New Forest, con- 

 fluent forms of Zygcena trifolli, Boarmia roboraria, Phorodesma 

 pustulata, Pterostoma palpina and Leucania turca from the New 

 Forest. A fine series of Gidaria truncata from various localities, 

 comprising vars. centumnotata, commanotata, perfuscata, etc., was 

 much admired, and a long series of Boarmia repandata which contained 

 several examples of the Penmaenmawr melanic form characterised by 

 whitish submarginal blotches on the black ground. — Mr. Chas. P. 

 Eimmer had a box of Micro-lepidoptera taken this year chiefly round 

 Liverpool, also his fine series of Hibemiadefoliaria from Delamere. — 

 Mr. A. W. Hughes exhibited from Witherslack a long series of Carsia 

 paludata, Lyccena agon and Gcenonympha typhon and Argynnis 

 euphrosyne, the last being from Cartmel. — Mr. E. Tait brought Wicken 

 insects as follows : Catocala nupta, Apamea leucostigma and var. 

 fibrosa, Galamia phragmitidis, Noctua umbrosa, Hadena trifolii and 

 Phibalapteryx vittata, and a few Papilio machaon bred from ova found 

 in 1920. Plusia moneta is now well established in Cheshire, as shown 

 by a long series from Carrington included in this exhibit. The New 

 Forest was represented by Macroglossa fuciformis and Nemeobius 

 lucina, and North Wales by a nice series of Agrotis ashivorthii. — Mr. 

 J. B. Garner-Eichards, Mr. J. W. Griffin and Mr. H. B. Prince also 

 made interesting exhibits. — Wm. Mansbridge, Hon. Sec. 



EECENT LITEKATUEE. 



Insect Transformation. By G. H. Carpenter, D.Sc. 8vo. Pp. x 

 + 282, 4 Plates and 124 Text-figures. London : Methuen & 

 Co., Ltd., 1921. Price 12s. 6d. net. 



A carefully prepared volume and well worth the money, which 

 unfortunately cannot be said of all the recent attempts of writers of 

 this style of entomological publication. 



The author takes as his first example a grasshopper, which is 

 dealt with very fully as to morphology and development, and follows 

 this up with similar but briefer studies of a dragonfly and of a moth. 

 This is succeeded by chapters on development in the Exopterygota, 

 the Endopterygota and some Apterygota, in which a very large range 

 of types is surveyed and the salient features of their transformations 

 emphasised. There follows a short chapter on classification, and 

 then the most important question of the influence of environment on 

 all stages of insect life is dealt with ably and at considerable length. 

 To many readers the last chapter, on the phylogenetic interpretation 

 of the known facts of development in the order, will probably prove 

 the most interesting. 



