NOTES AND OBSERVATIONS. GS 



latfcer species was on October 21sfc — a freshly emerged one). February 

 24th, Larentia multistrigaria; March 21st, Pieris rapce; March 24th, 

 Pararge egeria; April 4th, Spilosoma fuliginosa ; April 22nd, 

 Melanthis ocellata. A specimen of Bapta temerata was taken on 

 October 21st and Vanessa atalanta was observed on the wing on 

 December 5th and 9th. Garadrina ambigua was abundant at sugar 

 during August and September, and several Colias edusa were seen in 

 the autumn. — E. D. Morgan ; 27, Sanford Crescent, Chelston, 

 Torquay. 



Additions to Glamorgan List of Lepidoptera. — A specimen of 

 Lithosia griseola was taken on July 19th last year at Llanishen. 

 Possibly this insect has been overlooked owing to its similarity to 

 L. lurideola. It seems rather remarkable that the first example of 

 Eupithecia linariata to be met with locally should have turned up at 

 light on September 2nd — an unusual date for this species to be on the 

 wing. Amongst a number of "micros" submitted to Mr. F. N. 

 Pierce for identification in connection with the Faunistic Survey of 

 the County the following were some of the more interesting new 

 records : Peronea ferrugana, P. hastiana, P. logiana, Bhceodia 

 caudana, Ephippiphora inopiana, Pcedisca solandriana,. Stigmonota, 

 perlepidana, Adela rufimitrella and Depressaria angellicella, all 

 from Llanishen. — F. Norton ; 69, Whitchurch Eoad, Cardiff. 



Collecting by Powerful Lights, etc. — During the past two 

 years I have worked this favoured district with great determination, 

 collecting a large series of insects and filling a bulky note-book with 

 daily observations. Most of the work has been carried out with the 

 aid of a car and powerful headlights at Grange, Witherslack and 

 Holker Mosses, Bigland and Cartmel Fells, and Newly Bridge. 

 During 1921 a couple of 400-candle-power petrol vapour lamps were 

 purchased. In regard to weather, nights varied very much. Many 

 hot, still, muggy nights produced very little ; on the other hand one 

 wild night of westerly lashing rain gave us a " great night." Fog is 

 worse than an east wind. Some species, notably D. coryli and 

 G. papilionaria, which most local collectors consider scarce, came in 

 great numbers. P. leucographa and T. mimosa, both taken in fair 

 numbers, are apparently a new record' for the district. D. chaonia 

 occurs at Bigland and N. trepida occurred twice on the very stormy 

 night, May 11th, 1921. L.polycommata is evidently well established 

 here. L. viretata is much more local in my experience, being only 

 taken in 1920. P. duplaris shows great variation. Many insects 

 absolutely ignore light ; others, on two nights apparently similar, act 

 very differently, on the one crowding right up to the light, on the 

 other never coming within 15 feet. Plusia moneta was taken at 

 dusk in 1919 and 1920 upon some eight occasions, always hovering 

 over Delphinium or Viola, but none were seen last year. Is this a 

 " farthest north " record ? B. bimaculata is a scarce msect in 

 Witherslack woods which apparently ignores light altogether. I 

 took M. altemata at rest on a Pine tree at Holker, May 28th, 1920. 

 It is known to occur at Witherslack, but is this often noted in 

 Lancashire ? The dark sepia black forms of X monoglypha occur 

 frequently (at sugar). A. nigra, common at sugar. E. undulata was- 



