NOTES AND OBSERVATIONS. 65 



the light produced by the present ones which was the cause of the 

 attraction, but up till now I had been under the impression that all 

 bright lamps were equally attractive to moths. I shall be glad if 

 anyone can explain. One cannot imagine any change in the 

 sensitiveness of the moths to light. — (Eev.) J. E. Tarbat ■ Fareham, 

 Hants. 



Leptogramma literana in Yorkshire. — In reference to Mr. 

 Sheldon's invaluable contribution to the life-history, variation and 

 distribution of this species, it may be well to put on record that I have 

 taken this species very sparingly over a number of years in the 

 Kildale district of North Yorks, never more than two or three speci- 

 mens in a season, all in the spring months of February, March and 

 May ; all on or about Oak except one specimen beaten out of Birch. 

 The specimens taken included the type and var. squamana, the latter 

 probably being the more frequent. — T. Ashton Lopthouse, F.E.S. ; 

 Linthorpe, Middlesbrough. 



Butterflies of the Vienna District. — Being in Vienna during 

 the latter part of the summer of 1920 I had the opportunity of 

 spending my Sundays in the surrounding country. The neighbour- 

 hood is renowned for the beauty of its scenery and the variety of its 

 Lepidoptera, and though one's observations were necessarily confined 

 to the day-flying species, the results may possibly be of interest to 

 your readers. On July 25th, a very hot, sunny day; I climbed the 

 slopes of the Kahlenberg, which overlooks the Danube west of 

 Vienna ; the grass had not been cut in the meadows, which were a 

 mass of wild flowers and teemed with insect life. The following 

 were among the many species noticed : Papilio machaon, about six 

 specimens more or less damaged ; Golias hyale, a fair number, 

 recently emerged ; Melanargia galatea, mostly damaged ; Satyncs 

 dryas, a handsome, strong-flying species of the Satyridse, several in 

 good condition ; Gcenonymp'ha iphis, first cousin to G. pamphilus. 

 The following " blues," recently emerged, were in large numbers, and 

 formed a lovely sight in the brilliant sunshine : L. corydon, C. minimus, 

 L. agon, L. meleager, a large sky-blue species ; L. damon, the male 

 of which is the colour of moonlight on water, with black edging, the 

 female dark brown, both sexes having a long white streak on the 

 underside of the hind wings. Of day-flying moths the following 

 were seen : Zygcena camiolica, a pretty species of the Burnet tribe, 

 in very large numbers, five or six on every thistle head ; Z.filipandidie, 

 0. limitata, 0. mamiata, 0. bipunctaria, the latter in enormous 

 numbers, together with var. gachtaria, P. gamma, E. glypliica. On 

 August 1st, a warm, cloudy day, I noticed the following in the woods 

 and adjoining meadows of the Wienerwald, near Mauer : D. paphia, 

 rather worn specimens ; L. sinapis, P. egeria, L. icarus, L. corydon, 

 L. bellargus; L. agon; Chrysophanus doriUs, belonging to the 

 " copper " family, the male being greyish-brown with black dots and 

 the female somewhat similar to the female of G. virgaurece; II. malva; 

 A. sylvanus; also one specimen of C. hera sitting on a thistle. 

 August 8th, a fine and very hot day, was spent in the pine woods 

 above Baden, in the Wienerwald, at a height of about 800 teet above 

 sea-level, and the following species were noticed, either flying among 

 the pine trees or on the grass or heathery clearings on the side ot the 

 entom. — march, 1922, 



