THE EAELIER STAGES OF CACOECIA CRATAEGANA, HUBN. 195 



black, tortrix larva, which I did not recognise, and from them 

 had the following month imagines of G. crataegana. 



The larva being now recognised I made an excursion to the 

 New Forest in June, 1921, to secure a supply, which I obtained 

 from oak, elm and sallow. 



This larva is not readily to be mistaken for that of any other 

 species ; the only one resembling it in any way is G. sorbiana, 

 but this latter is an earlier larva, being usually full grown when 

 that of G. crataegana is only about half its eventual size; in 

 addition the full-grown larva of C. sorbiana is much lighter 

 olive green, and has a brown prothoracic plate. It is admirably 

 figured by Snellen in • Nederlandsche Insecten ' vol. iv, pi. xlviii. 

 figs. 1-3. 



The following is a description of G. crataegana in the final 



jjistar: Head and prothoracic plate black and glabrous without 



the conspicuous white collar which is a prominent feature in 



G. sorbiana, although a narrow one is discerned when the head 



is bent downwards. The segments at the rear of the prothorax 



are in colour very dark olive green, almost black (quite black in 



the previous instars) and somewhat spiny. The tubercles are 



rather prominent and black in colour ; the larva is somewhat 



transparent, the alimentary canal being discernible. The anal 



plate is very black and chitinous, with a rough surface ; the 



prolegs are intensely black ; the claspers and ventral area are 



of a lighter olive green than the dorsal area. The larva 



tapers towards head and anal extremity ; it rests with the head 



flattened out. 



The male pupa is 9'5 mm. long by 3 mm. broad, the female 



pupa being 13 mm. long by 4*5 mm. broad. The head is blunt 



and rounded, without a cocoon opener. The wing cases are 



black and glabrous, striated longitudinally, the head, antennas 



and eye covers are prominent and raised. The abdominal 



segments are very dark brown, almost black, not glabrous ; the 



wing-cases reach to the rear of the second abdominal segment. 



The pupa terminates anally in a long-drawn-out point which has 



at the extreme end four hooks, and at the base of the anal 



segment four others arranged in pairs. Each abdominal segment 



is armed with rows of spikelets and a number of long spines, 



two pointing rearwards; the abdominal segments are reticulated 



on the surface. 



Youlgreave, 



South Croydon ; 

 July 31st, 1922. 



[We very deeply regret to have to announce the death, on 

 Sunday, August 27th, of Dr. David Sharp.] 



