HuTTON. — On the Geographical Relations of the N.Z. Fauna. 245 



only in North and South America, Europe, and Madeira ; and our common 

 slug {Milax antipodarum) belongs to a genus found only in Europe and the 

 Island of TenerifFe. Testacella, of which we also possess a species, is only 

 found in Europe and Teneriffe. 



Our former connection with Australia, however, is shown in the family of 

 bitentaculate slugs {Janellidce), a family which is found only in Australia and 

 New Zealand, and also in the marine air-breathing limpets (Siphonaria)^ 

 three of our species being found in Australia and Tasmania. 



The land and fresh-water univalves therefore show a stronger affinity to 

 Polynesia and the Philij^pine Islands, by way of New Caledonia, the New 

 Hebrides, Solomon Islands and the Indian Archipelago, than they do to 

 Australia, although the distribution of the genus Janella shows that land 

 communication once existed with Australia also. To South Africa and South 

 America they exhibit no special affinity. Like the birds and fishes they also 

 show a slight anomalous affinity to Europe without any intermediate steps. 



Erom the Chatham Islands eighty-two species of Molluscs are known, of 

 which nine appear to be peculiar to those islands ; the rest are all found in 

 New Zealand, including Janella hitentaculata and Siphonaria scutulata. 



I know of two shells only from the Auckland Islands {Patella illunninata 

 and Vitrina zebra), both of which are endemic. 



MOLLUSCOIDA. 



Of Brachiopods we poesess eight or nine species, of which two only 

 {Kraussia lamarhiana and Magas cutningi) are found in Australia, the latter 

 being also reported to occur in China. The genus Rhynchonella is only known 

 living in the arctic portions of North America and Japan, but this anomaly is 

 not surprising when we remember that this genus existed during the Lower 

 Silurian Period, but it is interesting as affording us the clue by which other 

 similar anomalies may be explained. 



The New Zealand Tunicata are as yet but little known. The genera 

 Ascidia, Boltenia, and Botryllus, are only found in Europe and North America. 

 DolioluDi denticulatum is found at the Molucca Islands. 



Of the Polyzoa I am acquainted with eighty-nine species, of which thirty- 

 one have been found nowhere else as yet, but it is probable that their range is 

 very imperfectly known. Twenty-three of our species are found in European 

 seas, while the intervening tropical seas appear to be almost destitute of this 

 form of life. The chief point of interest in our Polyzoa is the great develop- 

 ment of the massive species of Cellepora, and of the coral-like family Idmoneidce, 

 which recall to mind the crag formation of England ; indeed one of our species, 

 Rornera striata, is found fossil in the crag ; it is, however, also found fossil at 

 Oraki, near Auckland, in beds of still older date. Considering how little 



