March 4, 1896.] 



Garden and Forest. 



93 



the stage of its maximum growth, and the rotation for maxi- 

 mum production would lie between 100 and no years. It 

 may be said, unhesitatingly, that Loblolly Pine is a rapid- 

 growing species. It produces in 100 years wood almost 

 double the amount of that of Long-leaf Pine; it grows well 

 under the conditions in which we find it now ; it grows 

 better on sites of better descriptions ; it requires a good deal 

 of moisture ; it needs plenty of light and is sensitive to 

 light conditions, especially when it is approaching the state 

 of maturity ; it does better when mixed with other species 

 than when left to itself. 



RATE OF GROWTH OF LOBLOLLY PINE. 

 (Published in advance by permission of the Division of Forestry.) 





x 



-Cu- 





Volume. 













■~ 



V 









3 





















.0 





■-■£ 



e — 

 — go 









IL 



QJ 











M 



V 



Age. 



H a 



0) v 



S3 



a ~— 



5 



o-3 



bo 2. 



3 = 



bo 

 "3 



Tree. 



Log. 



d 

 u 



OJ 







0} 



£ 



CO 



5 



be 



'S 



r-t V 



i- cn 



<:§ 

 



§ 

 > 



< 



c 



OJ 



6 











cubic 



Cubic 









Sq're 



Cubic 



Cub 



Cub- 





Ins 



Feet. 



Feet. 



teet. 



feet. 





Ins. 



Keel 



feet. 



feet. 



ieet. 



feet. 



IO 



3-4 





18 



0.6 





1st 



2.5 



18 



0.0.3 



0.6 



O.06 



O.06 



20 



5 & 





37 



3 





2d 



2.3 



'9 



O 08 



2 4 



O. 14 



O.24 



30 



7-8 



23 



50 



a. 7 



7-5 



3d 



2 . 2 



13 



O 14 



57 



O.29 



O.57 



40 



10. 



35 



61 



16.6 



'5 4 



4th 



2.0 



11 



O. 17 



7 9 



O 41 



O.79 



5° 



11. a 



44 



70 



2.5 -3 



24.I 



5th 



1.8 



9 



O. 19 



8.7 



si 



O.87 



60 



13 3 



52 



7S 



35-6 



34-5 



6th 



1.6 



8 



O. 19 



10 3 



S9 



I • °3 



70 



[?-S 



60 



as 



49.0 



47 8 



'7th 



i-5 



7 



0.2I 



'3-4 



70 



1-33 



So 



17. 1 



68 



90 



62,4 



61 4 



8th 



i-4 



5 



0.21 



13.4 



78 



1.34 



9° 



18.7 



76 



95 



78,0 



77-1 



9th 



1 . 1 



5 



0. 19 



15 6 



□ .87 



1.56 



100 



•9 5 



80 



98 



89 4 



88.5 



iolh 



0.9 



3 i 



0. 16 



1 1 4 



0.89 



1. 14 



1 10 



20.2 



S3 



100 



96.0 



95-2 



nth 



0.8 



2 



1 



O.I3 



6.6 



o.8 7 j 



0,66 



Among the trees analyzed we note a few which found 

 all the requirements of this species necessary for rapid 

 development. Tree No. 216, 101 years old, was taken from 

 a young growth of Long-leaf Pine, with the scattering mature 

 Loblolly Pine. Tree No. 297, 100 years old, was taken from a 

 moderately dense forest of Pin us Ta?da, mixed with Cuban 

 Pine, Liriodendron, Magnolia, Laurel Oak, with an under- 

 growth varying in density, of Red Bay and Andromeda. 



rate of growth of the two best loblolly pines. 









Diameter with bark 











(breast-high). 



Vol 



j me. 





Tree No. 



Tree No. 



. Tret 



No. 



Age. 













26 



297 



26 



297 



26 



297 





Feet. 



Inches. 



Cubic 



feet. 



IO 



20 



20 



5.2 



5.2 



1 3 



i-3 



20 



48 



50 



8 



10.2 



8.2 



13.6 



30 



60 



70 



10.4 



13-3 



18.0 



31-4 



40 



73 



80 



130 



17.6 



32 



42.8 



50 



35 



88 



15 



20.0 



Si. 1 



61 .4 



60 



90 



95 



17 



22.8 



69.5 



87.7 



70 



95 



100 



19 



24.8 



91 .6 



109. 1 



80 



100 



105 



20,4 



26 2 



112. 3 



123.8 



90 



1 05 



1 12 



21 6 



274 



129 7 



H7.8 



IOO 





118 





28.6 





167.3 



Tree No. 26, 92 years old, was taken from an open forest 

 of Loblolly Pines, intermixed with various Oaks and Gums, 

 with a dense undergrowth of the deciduous species named. 

 In all cases there was a sufficient supply of moisture ; in 

 all cases the forest was a mixed one, and the different spe- 

 cies, due to difference in age and habits, formed a canopy 

 of varying height, a roof of two, three or four stories. Each 

 story had its favorable influence : the first, formed by the 

 undergrowth, protected the ground from the burning sun ; 

 the second and the third shaded the trunks and cleared off 



the limbs of the taller trees, whose perfectly free crowns 

 received all the light necessary to make them thrifty. The 

 dense position of the many trunks of all species constitut- 

 ing the forest checked the winds, preventing the litter, 

 the manure of the forest, from being blown away and the 

 moisture from being rapidly evaporated. The rate of 

 growth of the favorites is remarkable in consequence. 

 Tree No. 216, 101 years old, formed 167 cubic feet in a 

 trunk in feet high and 26 inches in diameter at breast 

 height. The second table gives the progressive develop- 

 ment of the diameter, height and volume growth of trees 

 No. 26 and No. 297. 



Comparing these figures with those given in the table of 

 average rate of growth, it will be seen that Loblolly Pine 

 for the first 50 years, if properly managed, would produce 

 double the amount of wood which it produces under the 

 usual natural conditions. It will be seen that for 65 to 

 70 years Loblolly Pine could form a trunk of the same 

 dimensions, with the same amount of merchantable timber, 

 as that which it forms now in 100 years. The rotation 

 consequently could be brought down to the 70th year. In 

 other words, by the employment of knowledge and skill, 

 each dollar could have been realized 30 years earlier and 

 could have earned in the 30 years, at three per cent, com- 

 pound interest, $1.42, which is lost by the absence of 

 forest management. ,*■-,, 



Washington, D. C. A. A. Mlodzia?lsky. 



Foreign Correspondence. 

 London Letter. 



Adonis Amurensis. — This interesting plant was described 

 and figured in Regel and Herder's P/an/ce Raddeancs, and in 

 a Japanese work, entitled Fnko Juso Shin Dsu, there is a 

 series of no less than twenty-one colored figures represent- 

 ing distinct varieties and showing that this species must 

 have long held a prominent place among garden-plants in 

 the far east. There are double and single flowered varie- 

 ties, others yellow or greenish j'ellow, or orange or bright 

 red. Plants of a yellow-flowered variety are now flower- 

 ing in the rock-garden at Kew, probably for the first time 

 in Europe. In habit this species resembles Adonis Pyre- 

 naica, but it differs from that species in not having hooked 

 achenes. The flowers on the Kew plant are yellow, over 

 an inch across and not unlike those of the common A. 

 vernalis. The leaves are comparatively long-stalked, loose 

 and finely cut, suggesting the leaves of a Carrot. It is pos- 

 sible that some of the bright-colored varieties of A. Amu- 

 rensis have been introduced from Japan into American 

 gardens, but, so far as can be ascertained, they have never 

 been grown in England, and, judging them by the pictures 

 in the Japanese work above named, they are well worth a 

 place in the garden to flower in early spring. 



Leucojum carpathicum. — This name was given by Her- 

 bert to an exceptionally large-flowered variety of Leucojum 

 vernum, the Snowflake which grows wild in the south of 

 England, and is one of the most charming of the early har- 

 bingers of spring in the garden. Plants of the former were 

 exhibited this week by Mr. Ware, the Tottenham nursery- 

 man, and were awarded a first-class certificate by the Royal 

 Horticultural Society. The leaves are broader, the scapes 

 taller and the flowers about twice as large as in the type, and 

 as each scape bore two flowers the effect of a tuft of plants 

 in bloom was exceptionally pleasing. The nodding bell- 

 shaped flowers were over an inch in diameter and white, 

 with a conspicuous spot of bright green near the tip of each 

 segment. 



Galanthus Elwesii, var. F. Fell. — This is an unusually 

 large-flowered variety of the king of Snowdrops, but I have 

 seen plenty quite as large among the millions of this plant 

 that stud the lawns, borders and wild gardens at Kew. It 

 is impossible to speak too highly of a plant which is almost 

 dirt cheap if procured from big dealers, and which can be 

 dibbled into lawns and borders by boys to produce a dis- 



