March iS, 1896.J 



Garden and Forest. 



1 1 1 



GARDEN AND FOREST. 



PUBLISHED WEEKLY BY 



THE GARDEN AND FOREST PUBLISHING CO. 



Offich: Tribune Building, New York. 



Conducted by Professor C. S. Sargent. 



ENTERED AS SECOND-CLASS MATTER AT THE POST-OFFICE AT NEW YORK, N. V. 



NEW YORK, WEDNESDAY, MARCH 18, 1896. 



TABLE OF CONTENTS. 



Editorial Articles : — The Cascade Range Forest Reservation in Danger 



To Protect the Birds .' ' 



New Perfumery Products J. N. Gerard. 



A Botanical Journey in Texas.- Hi E. N. Plank. 



Juniperus communis ,N. J. Hose. 



The Dauphin Chestnut. (With figure.) M. L. Dock. 



Cultural Department: — Hardy Shrubs for Winter Flowering in tne Green- 

 house Edward y. Canning. 



Imantophyllums T. D. Hatfield. 



Acanthus mollis Edward J. Canning. 



Succulent Plants Fanny Copley Seavey. 



The Sundews G. If". Oliver. 



Cuphea strigulosa T.D.Hatfield. 



Correspondence : — A Home Acre in Southern California. . . . Jennie Kruckeberg. 



The Aspidistra Scale in California Professor T. D. A. Cockerell. 



The Forest: — Forest Protection. — III Gijjford Pinchot. 



Recent Publications .• 



Notes 



Illustration : — The Dauphin Chestnut, Fig. 12 



116 



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 119 

 120 

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The Cascade Range Forest Reservation in Danger. 



THE effort now on foot to restore to the public domain 

 for entry and sale a large proportion of the land which 

 makes up the great Cascade Range Forest Reserve, in 

 Oregon, will cause little surprise. We wish it could be 

 added that it causes no apprehension. The simple truth 

 is that it is only one more evidence that these forest areas 

 which have been reserved by Presidential proclamation 

 will be attacked one after the other and again and again 

 by powerful well-organized forces of men who have a per- 

 sonal interest in getting possession of them. Of course, so 

 long as there is no specific legislation for managing these 

 reservations, no provision for punishing skin-hunters, tim- 

 ber-thieves or sheep-herders, the forests will be open to these 

 and other marauders. League after league of the finest 

 timber in the world has been wastefully chopped down or 

 burned over ; league after league of young forest growth 

 has been girdled and trampled to death by the millions of 

 sheep that have been pastured on national property. These 

 wounds, bad as they were, might heal over, at least par- 

 tially, in the slow process of time, but attacks like the one 

 on the Cascade Range mean the final and total destruction 

 of the woods and the utter defeat of the purpose of the law 

 which made the creation of these reservations possible — 

 the one law in all the great mass of legislation relating to 

 our public domain which had in it any immediate promise 

 for the future of our forests. 



The assault upon this particular reservation is wanton 

 and selfish to the last degree, and it is to be hoped that the 

 Secretary of the Interior will stand firm and refuse to turn 

 this area over to private use and reverse the policy of hold- 

 ing it as the property of the people forever. Before this 

 Cascade Reserve was created a long and careful investiga- 

 tion was made by competent members of the Geological 

 Survey and others, so that its resources and possibilities 

 are all well known. It embraces high mountain ranges 

 where there is a large rainfall and snowfall, just the place 

 where a forest cover is absolutely necessary to the adequate 

 and equable water-supply of the plains below. Only 

 limited portions of the region are fit for agricultural 

 use and the rugged slopes are adapted to forest growth 

 alone. Oregon has been inhabited for lilt)' years, and 



yet but very few settlers have made their homes within 

 this great area, a fact which of itself proves that it is not a 

 desirable place of habitation. Very little mining land is 

 included in it, and although much good timber is standing 

 there, the lumbering on the Coast Range is better, so that 

 there is no urgent need of felling the forests of the reserva- 

 tion. Of course, the wandering sheep-herders who gain 

 a subsistence by preying upon the national property are 

 clamoring for more land to devastate, and they are espe- 

 cially urgent now since they have been driven northward 

 from the forests of California, which they have laid waste. 

 Altogether, turning over these mountain forest lands to 

 private use will only benefit a few individuals, and of that 

 particular class whose very occupation it is to destroy the 

 forest and break up those beneficent conditions which, in 

 the end, will benefit the greatest number of people for all 

 time to come. 



We are glad to see that the executive committee of the 

 American Forestry Association adopted vigorous resolu- 

 tions at its meeting on March 4th against the opening of 

 this Cascade Reserve either in whole or in part, and that 

 they have addressed a memorial to the Honorable Hoke 

 Smith, Secretary of the Interior, protesting against any 

 action that threatens the integrity of the reservation or a 

 reversal of the policy which has created them. We are 

 glad to see, also, that they take broader ground than that 

 of a mere protest against a special case for special reasons. 

 They show very plainly that the mere reservation of pub- 

 lic lands is not a policy with any life or force in it. They 

 recognize, also, that even if the reservations could be kept 

 rid of trespassers, either by the army or any other force, 

 this alone would not give them their proper place in the 

 national economy nor establish their proper relations with 

 the people and the people's interests. The forests must 

 be saved where they are needed to protect and 

 enrich the plains, but they must be saved for use. The 

 people have a right to demand that they shall be pro- 

 ductive, and increasingly productive wherever this is 

 possible. Beyond question, also, the settlers in regions 

 adjacent to the Government forests ought to be able to 

 draw from them the supplies that will in many cases be 

 absolutely necessary to their existence. Some of them 

 may contain land more suitable for agriculture than for the 

 production of timber, and a wise national policy will not 

 fail to provide that every acre can be turned to its highest 

 and most fruitful use In short, all the necessary and 

 reasonable demands of the people which do not conflict 

 with the essential permanence of these reserved lands as 

 forests must be fairly and frankly met. 



It is very plain that not an acre of the national domain 

 which is now in forest, whether within or without one of 

 the reserved areas, is safe until some comprehensive 

 scheme of administration is put into active operation. 

 There must be some authority to decide what part of the 

 public forests shall be held under Government control, and 

 which shall be allowed to pass into private hands ; and 

 then some broad scheme of managing these forests which 

 will commend itself to the enlightened public opinion of 

 the country must be adopted and enforced. Simply shut- 

 ting up and fencing in large tracts of forest is no policy at 

 all." The ultimate policy must clearly be conservative. 

 The forests are first of all to be protected, but they 

 must also be judiciously worked and used. They must be 

 carefully husbanded and their productive power preserved, 

 but they must furnish supplies to settlers and others, and, 

 under proper restrictions, access must be had to all the 

 resources of the region, whether agricultural, mineral or 

 forestal. A wise forest policy is not opposed to any legiti- 

 mate right of the people in the forest. It is really the 

 only certain way to establish and perpetuate these rights. 



We cannot protest too strongly against this assault on 

 the Cascade Reservation, but we may as well face the 

 certainty that if this attack fails another and a more violent 

 one will soon be organized. No reservation will be secure 

 until all of them, together with all the national domain 



