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Garden and Forest. 



[Number 439. 



to cut off each flower-cluster as soon as it has begun to fade, 

 and then the plant will continue to show its rosy pink bloom 

 until autumn. 



One of the largest Oak-trees in this country, says Meehans' 

 Monthly for July, is a Red Oak in a forest of Pemiscot County, 

 Missouri. The straight trunk of this tree, recently measured 

 by Colonel George B. Bowles, of Affton, St. Louis County, has 

 a circumference of twenty-seven feet near the ground and 

 nineteen feet eight feet above, and is clear for sixty feet to the 

 first limb. 



The receipts of new southern potatoes at this season have 

 been smaller in this city than the average for the past five 

 years, and yet the prices have been lower "than they ever were, 

 partly because there were so many old potatoes on hand when 

 the season began, and partly because there has been a light 

 call for them in that part of the country which receives its sup- 

 plies from this market. Good sound potatoes sell for sixty 

 cents a barrel, fair ones bring no more than fifty cents, and 

 poor ones even less, which means that the season has been a 

 disastrous one to the southern potato grower. 



Although Coreopsis grandiflora and C. lanceolata are native 

 plants, they were rarely seen in gardens until a few years ago. 

 They are beautiful in a wild stale, but they grow much more 

 vigorously when well cared for. A mass of either of these 

 plants will beautify any garden by the wonderful profusion of 

 their long-stemmed clear yellow flowers. They are so easily 

 produced that no garden should be without them. Another 

 indispensable plant is the old-iashioned Lychnis Chalcedonica, 

 which was once more common than it now is in country gar- 

 dens, its fiat clusters of flowers of the most vivid scarlet 

 make a conspicuous feature at this season in the hardy herba- 

 ceous border. 



The authorities at Kew experienced considerable difficulty 

 at first in making Lilium giganteum at home there, but it 

 finally has found exactly the conditions it likes in the Bamboo 

 garden, where it seems to be permanently established and 

 naturalized. Not only do the soil and situation suit the plant, 

 but nothing could be more effective in appearance than the 

 tall and stately spikes of great while flowers amid the feathery 

 masses of the Bamboo. It ought to be added that, besides 

 these Lilies, there are enough other flowering plants here to 

 emphasize by their contrast the beauty of the noble Grasses, 

 so that the Bamboo garden is really one of the most attractive 

 spots in the gardens at Kew. 



According to The Country Gentleman, Mr. Schuyler Worden 

 is still living in the village of Minetto, Oswego County, New 

 York, at the age of nearly ninety years. It is more than thirty- 

 five years ago since he planted a quantity of seeds of the Con- 

 cord Grape, and it was the most vigorous of these seedlings 

 which is the parent of the widely distributed variety known as 

 the Worden. It was not placed in the hands of nurserymen 

 for introduction, and for many years it was spoken of slight- 

 ingly and said to be nothing more than the ordinary Concord, 

 and thousands of Concord vines were sold as genuine Wordens. 

 In recent years, however, the Worden has taken its true posi- 

 tion as one of the very best of black grapes. The original 

 vine is said to be still growing where it was first planted. 



The first horticultural school for women in Germany was 

 opened at Friedenau, near Berlin, in the autumn of 1894, and 

 it will graduate its first class of seven members next fall. One 

 of the graduates will then assume the position of teacher in a 

 similar school recently established at Riga, in Livonia. On the 

 first of October next still another institution of the kind will be 

 opened on the estate of Baroness Barth-Harmating, nearPlauen, 

 in Saxony. The courses of study extend over two or three 

 years, and include not only the various branches of horticul- 

 ture, but also fundamental scientific instruction and such 

 knowledge of business methods as is needed for the successful 

 prosecution of commercial gardening. Emphasis is laid upon 

 the fact that the new work thus made possible for women is 

 suitable for those of the cultivated classes, and not for unedu- 

 cated or semi-educated rustics. 



At the midsummer meeting of the Minnesota State Horti- 

 cultural Society much time was given to the discussion of 

 plans for forest development and protection, and the proposi- 

 tion of Captain Cross, of which we have already made mention, 

 to make the state a trustee of the cut-over Pine-lands, was 

 endorsed and a resolution in favor of an enactment by the next 

 Legislature to this effect was adopted. It was also resolved 

 that encouragement be given to the project of setting apart a 

 small area of well-timbered state lands to be operated by the 



University according to the best systems of forestry, for the 

 purpose of illustrating the advantages of good forest manage- 

 ment. In other words, according to Mr. H. B. Ayres, who 

 introduced the resolution, an effort ought to be made to 

 demonstrate that good forest management when applied to 

 well-wooded lands is more profitable than the present method 

 of lumbering. 



In the earlier volumes of Garden and Forest we spoke of 

 the value of the Japanese Rosa multiflora and published a por- 

 trait of it in vol. iii., page 405. Although it was described by 

 Thunberg more than a hundred years ago it was only recently 

 brought into cultivation, but within the last few years it has been 

 disseminated extensively throughout this country from the 

 Arnold Arboretum, where it was raised from seed sent by 

 Herr Max Leichtlin as long ago as 1874. It is rather remark- 

 able that this plant, like the Cherokee Rose, another native of 

 eastern Asia, has been thoroughly naturalized in some parts 

 of the southern states for a long time. Dr. Carl Mohr writes 

 us from Mobile, Alabama, that it has been established in that 

 section for three generations at least, where it grows quite as 

 luxuriantly as the Cherokee Rose, and keeps its hold of the 

 soil more firmly when it once gets possession. The southern 

 plants seem identical with those raised in the Arboretum, 

 except that the flowers vary from rose-color to almost pure 

 while. A figure in the Botanical Magazine also represents the 

 petals as pink or slightly shaded with pink, but the plants raised 

 in tiie Arboretum all bore pure white flowers. So far as we 

 know there is no record of the introduction of this plant into our 

 southern states, and, perhaps, the time and manner of its arrival 

 will remain a mystery as profound as that which shrouds the 

 introduction of the Cherokee Rose. 



The Revue de V Horticulture Beige reports an interesting case 

 at law which was tried before the Tribunal of Commerce at 

 Bruges, in which Monsieur Vincke brought action against 

 Messrs. Sander & Co. for one thousand francs, the price of a 

 plant of Cypripedium Harrisianum in flower, which, when 

 purchased, showed remarkable coloring. Next year, however, 

 when the plant bloomed the flowers were of (he ordinary char- 

 acter, and, therefore, the Messrs. Sander claimed that it was 

 according to the custom of trade for the vender of a plant to 

 guarantee the existence of special characteristics. Mr. Vincke 

 held that there was no such guarantee, that the plant was 

 bought in flower as it stood and that the Messrs. Sander took 

 the risk of the variety being a permanent one. The court held 

 that since the plant was offered without stipulation or without 

 any guarantee that the color of the bloom was fixed, and that 

 since there was no concealment or attempt to deceive, the 

 conditions did not justify the annulment of the contract. Since 

 hybrids and their offspring are specially prone to vary, and 

 this is true of Chrysanthemums, Roses and other commercial 

 flowers as well as of Orchids, buyers under this decision always 

 take some risk. What the practice of the trade is in this coun- 

 try when new varieties are sold we are not able to state, but 

 we never knew a novelty which was guaranteed by the seller 

 to retain the special character which made it valuable. 



Pears and plums made up most of the forty-six car-loads of 

 fruit which arrived at this market from California last week, 

 and the different colors of the plums and prunes now on the 

 fruit-stands make them very attractive. The apricot yellow of 

 Primus Simoni, the light purple of Royal Hative, the salmon 

 of the Peach, the yellow and purple of Kelsey's Japan with its 

 rich bloom, the cherry-red of the Burbank, the darker red of 

 the Satsuma under its thick bloom, the yellowish green of the 

 Washington, the reddish purple of the Duane with its lilac 

 bloom, the still deeper purple of the Tragedy, all these tints 

 and many more make a feast for the eye, while in addition to 

 their beauty the fragrance of this fruit, with that of the peaches 

 and pears, apples and apricots which are still occasionally 

 seen, makes another distinct attraction. These plums and 

 prunes are bringing fair prices, but California peaches have 

 now to come into competition with those from Georgia and 

 meet with a slow sale. A tew peaches are coming from Dela- 

 ware and Maryland, but the best now, and these are fairly 

 good, come from Georgia and South Carolina. Moore's Early, 

 Delaware and Niagara grapes are coming from as far north as 

 North Carolina, many of them immature and sour. Perhaps 

 a well-ripened Niagara grape would taste well in midsummer, 

 but somehow we associate their best flavor with cooler nights 

 and they seem like an anachronism. Nyack Pippins, Sweet 

 Bough and Astrachan apples, when hand-picked, are worth 

 from $1.50 to $2.50 a barrel. Le Conte pears, from Florida, 

 are worth $3.00 a barrel, and Bartlett pears of full size and fair 

 color, from California, sell for $2.00 a box. 



