460 



Garden and Forest. 



[Number 453. 



same crop, and the best establishments hold any remaining 

 space at a premium. 



Among the shrubs which delight us with their brilliant colors 

 in the autumn, the Japanese Evonymus alatus is distinguished 

 for the clear rose-pink of its leaves, which is unlike that shown 

 by any other woody plant. Its fruit is less brilliant than that 

 of our native Wahoo or of the European Spindle-tree, both of 

 which belong to this genus. But the autumn color of the 

 leaves of the Japanese plant is quite unique. It is a perfectly 

 hardy shrub, too, of a compact habit and in every way 

 desirable. 



At one of the farmers' institutes in southern California, last 

 summer, Mr. L. H. Cammack advocated the cultivation in that 

 section of some semi-tropical fruits that are not very well 

 known. Among these was the Avocado, or Alligator Pear, 

 the fruit of Persea gratissima, which ripens as far north as 

 Berkeley. There are red, purple and green varieties in culti- 

 vation, and many trees are growing thriftily in California. In 

 Florida it is said a tree will yield a thousand pounds of fruit 

 annually and begin to bear at the age of five years. It may 

 interest persons who have it in mind to plant these trees to 

 know that the fruit is steadily growing in popularity in this city, 

 and, inasmuch as it can be picked a little before it is ripe, it 

 carries fairly well. 



A beautiful autumn bouquet can be made with fruiting 

 branches of the different deciduous-leaved Hollies, the so- 

 called Black Alders. In Japan one of the favorite house deco- 

 rations at this season of the year is branches of Ilex Sieboldii, 

 which are sold in the streets of Tokio and other cities in enor- 

 mous quantities. Our American species bear, however, larger 

 and showier fruit and are more decorative. The most beau- 

 tiful of these plants is I. laevigata, although it is much less 

 common than I. verticillata, a familiar inhabitant of northern 

 swamp-borders. Of this plant there is a form with bright yel- 

 low fruit which is cultivated successfully in the Arnold Arbo- 

 retum, where also the Japanese species flourishes, and this 

 year is completely covered with its small, brilliant fruit. A 

 vase containing branches of Ilex laevigata, the scarlet and yel- 

 low fruited forms of I. verticillata and of I. Sieboldii, gathered 

 in the Arboretum, produces an effect which cannot easily be 

 surpassed at this season of the year. 



Nearly 100,000 barrels of Jamaica oranges have found a mar- 

 ket in this city since the beginning of the season, whereas but 

 58,351 barrels came during the same period a year ago. The 

 cost for freight, duty and other expenses is about $1.25 a barrel, 

 and at present prices there is little money made in the handling 

 of this fruit, since $2.50 a barrel has been the price in Kingston. 

 Mexican oranges are at a still greater disadvantage, transporta- 

 tion costing about $3 00 a box. During the summer season 

 3,935 car-loads of fruits have been shipped from California. 

 Tins includes what is known in the trade as "deciduous 

 fruits," as distinguished from citrus fruits, and the season for 

 which is nearly ended. Twenty car-loads of California grapes 

 were sold here last week, comprising Cornichon, Flame 

 Tokay, White Muscat, Black Ferrera, Verdel and Emperor. 

 The last direct shipment of this year's crop of Almeria grapes 

 is said to be on the way to this country. This cargo, together 

 with those already received, amounts to 134,470 barrels, or 

 19 465 in excess of last year's importations, while in 1894, 249,375 

 barrels were received. 



Miss Alice Eastwood, the botanical curator of the California 

 Academy of Natural Sciences, has issued in separate form two 

 botanical papers published in the Proceedings of the California 

 Academy. The first is devoted to descriptions of some new 

 California plants, and is enriched with seven plates from draw- 

 ings made by the author. The plants here described are a 

 Sedum, an Anemone, a Hosackia, a Lupine, a Heuchera, a 

 Brodiaea and a Cynoglossum. Miss Eastwood's second paper 

 is a report on a collection of plants made by her in San Juan 

 County, in south-eastern Utah, during a journey in the sum- 

 mer of 1895 through the valley and over the plateaus of the 

 San Juan River, near the McElmo Creek junction, to where 

 Willow Creek joins the San Juan. In this hurried journey, 

 made on horseback in eight days, 162 species were collected. 

 The fruit of the beautiful Berberis Fremontii, one of the most 

 interesting and characteristic shrubs of the Colorado plateau, 

 Miss Eastwood describes as rose-color near the pedicels, yel- 

 lowish above and dehiscent into two spreading valves. The 

 fruit was first described as blue. As tins species grows in 

 northern Arizona in the neighborhood of the Colorado River, 

 it is certainly bright blue when fully ripe. Fraxinus anomala 

 was common throughout the region, growing on the edge of 



canons and in the depths below. The range of this interesting 

 tree, as usually published, must be extended into northern 

 Arizona, where it is abundant on the upper slopes of the Canon 

 of the Colorado. Junipers, which are the most conspicuous 

 feature of the vegetation of most of the Colorado plateau, were 

 curiously absent in this particular region of southern Utah, 

 only occasional trees of Juniperus monosperma having been 

 seen by Miss Eastwood near the heads of thecafions that form 

 branches of the San Juan. Here the trees were low and 

 scraggy and generally solitary. The common Juniper of this 

 region, Juniperus Utahensis, which is extremely abundant on 

 the plateaus of western Colorado, through the high valleys of 

 the Great Basin and in northern Arizona, was not observed by 

 Miss Eastwood. 



Last year the Legislature of the State of Maryland enacted a 

 law making it the duty of the State Entomologist to inspect all 

 the nurseries in the state for the detection of injurious insects 

 or plant diseases which might be disseminated by selling the 

 stock. Under this act, whenever a pest or disease is discov- 

 ered the owner is notified and remedies are suggested. If he 

 does not apply the remedies in the time specified, he is liable to 

 a fine of $1.00 for every tree or shrub or plant shipped from 

 his nursery. The Entomologist can enter the premises in such 

 a case, employ such assistance as he needs, and apply reme- 

 dies for the destruction of the pest at the expense of the own- 

 ers. In case the stock is free from infection the owner is fur- 

 nished with a certificate to that effect, and he is required to send 

 on every package shipped, as well as to transmit to the purchaser 

 by mail, a certificate signed by him that the stock has been 

 examined by the State Entomologist and that it is free from 

 danger. Another section of the law provides for a certificate 

 to be affixed to every package of nursery stock which comes 

 into the state of Maryland from another state, showing that 

 the contents have been examined by an authorized officer and 

 are free from insects and diseases. If this act has not been 

 complied with the packages are returned to the shipper, unless 

 the consignee of the stock has it examined by the State Ento- 

 mologist, who shall give the necessary certificate. In a bulle- 

 tin lately issued from the State Experiment Station by the 

 Entomologist it is stated that the nurseries of Maryland have 

 been inspected and are, on the whole, in fine condition. The 

 San Jose scale has been located in only three nurseries and 

 has been in every case destroyed. No single case of yellows 

 on marketable stock was found. The Pear slug was found in 

 several cases, but these insects are so easily killed by helle- 

 bore that it is gross negligence on the part of any nurseryman 

 to allow his stock to be dwarfed by it. Mr. Johnson, the ento- 

 mologist, has had the active assistance of nurserymen in this 

 campaign, and there is little doubt that if the same energy was 

 exercised in all the other states these enemies of orchards and 

 gardens would soon be under control so far as their distribu- 

 tion through nursery stock is concerned. This bulletin con- 

 tains valuable information concerning the Peach yellows, the 

 San Jose scale, and an account of a new disease of the Peach, 

 of which no fungus or bacterial affection so far known can be 

 identified as the cause. 



The death is announced of Dr. Henry Tremen, at Pera- 

 denyia, in the island of Ceylon, on the 16th October, in his fifty- 

 third year. He was educated for the medical profession and 

 received a medical degree from the University at London, and 

 became an assistant in the Botanical Department of the British 

 Museum. With the present director of the Royal Gardens at 

 Kew he prepared a Flora of the County of Middlesex in Eng- 

 land, and with Professor Bentley a standard work on Medical 

 Botany. In 1S82 Dr. Tremen was appointed director of the 

 Royal Botanic Gardens at Peradenyia, one of the most impor- 

 tant and beautiful of all tropical gardens. In this position he 

 devoted himself to a complete Flora of Ceylon, three parts hav- 

 ing appeared. A few months ago ill health compelled him to 

 sever his official connection with the Garden. 



Auguste Trecul, the distinguished French plant anatomist, 

 died in his seventy-sixth year, after a long retirement from 

 active scientific work. His principal papers relate to the de- 

 velopment and relations of the vascular system in plants and 

 to the mode of growth of stems and roots. He is best known 

 to Americans, perhaps, by his travels and botanical discov- 

 eries in the states west of the Mississippi River, especially in 

 Texas, where he was sent in 1848 by the French Government 

 to collect material for the Paris Museum and to study the tex- 

 tile plants used by the Indians of the Plains, and where he 

 remained during three years. The beautiful arborescent Yucca 

 of the lower Rio Grande valley, first introduced by him into 

 European gardens, bears his name. 



