November 25, 1896.] 



Garden and Forest. 



475 



appellation are difficult to determine. A more appropriate 

 name suggested by Professor Chester would be the Fly- 

 speck fungus. All varieties that I have examined are 

 affected to a greater or less degree, and some, like the 

 Jackson, are often so seriously peppered with these little 

 specks as to injure their market value. The spots, or 

 " fly-specks," are generally grouped together, forming cir- 

 cles or irregular patches from a quarter to an inch or more 

 in diameter. The skin of the apple around these aggrega- 

 tions of spots becomes clouded or fogged, and when the 

 trouble is serious the foggy areas coalesce, giving the apple 



The most serious objection to the fungus lies in the sooty 

 appearance it causes on the fruit, which in many instances 

 is so marked as to injure the market value of the apple. 



It may be that this will prove another disease which the 

 orchardist now has to combat, and if so, its superficial 

 character would make it easy to reach with fungicides. 

 Botanically the fungus belongs in the Leptostromaceae, and 

 is described by Saccardo in his Sylloge Fungorum. It was 

 first noticed by Montague and Fries in the An?i. des Sci., 

 2 > J» P- 347, and called Labrella Pomi. 



Experiment Station, Newaik. Del. G. Harold Powell. 



Fig. 



-Nympluca stellata, var. Eastoniensis. — See page 474. 



a dark, sooty appearance. This blemish on an otherwise 

 perfect apple cannot be ascribed to " Blackbirds " or 

 ''Flies," but is due to an obscure fungus called Lepto- 

 thyrium pomi (Mont, et Fr. ), Sacc. The disease has never 

 been serious enough to be of economic importance, and is 

 not even mentioned with other fungi attacking the apple. 

 The effects of the fungus do not extend below the skin, 

 being confined entirely to the surface. It does not cause 

 rotting, but the tissues around the spots shrink, so that in 

 the worst cases the apple presents a shriveled appearance. 



The Protection of Strawberries 



i\.ci v nit' \j l wiv i.'ii 1 1 1 10* ii ouiuiuii. iiJtuvi nil 



is used, it can be left on the beds until ihe bearing season to 

 keep the berries clean and help 10 prevent the evaporation of 

 moisture from the soil. The best material to use for this pur- 

 pose depends upon its cost and convenience in different places. 

 Coarse stable-manure is liable to ferment, and if it does not 



