36 



Garden and Forest. 



[Number 256. 



sell at $2.00 a pound. Choice selected Albemarle Pippins retail 

 at from fifty cents to $i.oo a dozen, and. find ready sale at $9.00 

 a barrel. 



Forty-five students have registered for the short course in 

 agriculture at Cornell University, to which we invited attention 

 some time ago. There are about the same number of stu- 

 dents who are taking the full course in the agricultural depart- 

 ment of the university. 



An interesting garden arrangement noted during the past 

 summer by a traveler in England was a large rectangular bed, 

 about twenty feet across, which was a solid mass of purple 

 Clematis, presenting from a distance the effect of an immense 

 bed of Violets. The plants had been set at intervals over the 

 whole surface of the bed, and then trained to cover a flat trellis 

 built over the bed at something less than a foot from the level 

 of the soil. Naturally, the trellis was soon covered, and the 

 blossoms as they appeared sought the light, so thatthe whole 

 expanse was thickly strewn with them. This bed was in full 

 bloom in late June, and was still in full bloom when revisited 

 early in September. 



In a recent issue of the San Francisco Wood and Iron, Hum- 

 boldt County, the most western point in the United States, is 

 stated to be the most densely wooded section in California, and 

 to contain, according to the United States official estimates, 

 468,000 acres of Redwood-timber, 400,000 acres of Pine, 

 Spruce, Fir and Cedar, and 200,000 acres of Madrone, Tan-bark 

 Oak, Live Oak and Laurel. The yield of Redwood-lumber 

 reaches as high as 300,000 feet to the acre, a low average price 

 being $15 a thousand feet. About 5,000 men are employed in 

 the logging woods and the mills of this county. Mendocino 

 County is said to have an area of 700,000 acres of Redwood, 

 yielding from 20,000 to 253,000 feet of lumber to the acre. The 

 total cut of the mills in this county amounted, in 1891, to 

 99,438,190 feet. 



When rabbits were first introduced into Australia no one 

 seems to have considered how destructive they would be- 

 come, or that the different governments of the island would 

 be compelled to furnish hundreds of miles of wire-netting to 

 keep them out of certain districts, besides expending large 

 sums for destroying them. The Victorian government has 

 erected a fence of wire-netting 150 miles long against them, 

 and during the last ten years has expended ,2^177,000 sterling 

 for their extermination. The extent of the evil may be imag- 

 ined from the fact that 15,000,000 rabbit-skins have been ex- 

 ported from New South Wales in one year. Twenty years ago 

 there was not a rabbit in all New Zealand, and since then more 

 tiian 106,000,000 rabbit-skins have been exported, while the 

 property destroyed by rabbits is estimated by millions. 



Two or three weeks ago we quoted from a letter of Mr. C. 

 Wooley Dod, in the Gardeners' Chronicle, in which it was con- 

 jectured that a yellow-fiowered plant in his garden was a 

 hybrid between Chrysanthemum maximum and Anthemis tinc- 

 toria. The seedling came up among plants of C. maximum, 

 and although it had leaves which he called abnormal, Mr. Dod 

 had no doubt that it was from the seed of C. maximum, and 

 since the flower was of a yellow color he inferred that it might 

 be the result of a cross with the Anthemis, which stood near. It 

 is, however, a dangerous thing to guess at the parentage of a 

 plant, and Mr. Dod now writes to the Gardeners' Chronicle 

 that his bigeneric hybrid has been pronounced Grindelia inu- 

 loides by the scientific committee of the Royal Horticultural 

 Society. Mr. Dod wonders how the plant got there, as there 

 never was a plant of that kind in his garden, so far as he knows. 

 But, after all, it is a good deal easier for the seed of a Grindelia 

 to find a comfortable germinating place in almost anybody's 

 garden than it is for the pollen of a plant of one genus to find 

 hospitable and fructifying- admission into the ovary of a plant 

 of another genus. 



Henry Sargent Codman died suddenly, after an operation for 

 appendicitis, on the 13th instant, at Chicago, where he had 

 charge of the landscape department of the Columbian Expo- 

 sition. No man at his age had ever accomplished more in 

 his profession, or gave brighter promise of what could con- 

 fidently be expected from his matured powers. 



Mr. Codman was born in Brookline, Massachusetts, on the 

 19th of June, 1864. He graduated at the Institute of Tech- 

 nology in 1884, and almost immediately entered the office of 

 Mr. Frederick Law Olmsted. In the summer of 1887 he 

 traveled with his uncle, Professor C. S. Sargent, through Eng- 

 land, France, Germany and Italy to study living collections of 

 plants, nurseries, parks and gardens. Soon after, he went to 



Paris and pursued his professional studies for more than a year 

 under the direction of Edouard Andre, and on his return he 

 was taken into partnership by Mr. Olmsted. Since then he 

 has been intimately associated with Mr. Olmsted in all the 

 important works that have been carried on by that firm, in- 

 cluding the design of the Exposition Grounds in Chicago, in 

 the construction of which he has been practically the execu- 

 tive head from the outset. Mr. Codman was tall, strong, 

 of commanding appearance and apparently of great con- 

 stitutional vigor. He had inherited a profound love of natural 

 beauty, and his taste had been disciplined and refined by close 

 observation and wide reading. He was thoroughly acquainted 

 with the literature of his profession. His library in this de- 

 partment was unequaled in this country, and his index of 

 works on the subject, published in this journal, was the most 

 complete that has yet appeared. He invariably gained the 

 confidence and esteem of all with whom he came in contact 

 professionally, and he was remarkably successful in impress-, 

 ing his opinions upon them and leading them to see things 

 from his point of view. That he won the affection as well as 

 the respect of his associates was remarkably manifested in his 

 Chicago work, where he came into warm comradeship with 

 almost the entire corps of artists, and where he helped, no doubt, 

 materially, to bring about that sympathetic co-operation and 

 unity of purpose which has been so marked among them. This 

 was due partly to the fact that from his position he stood for 

 the one uniting element and represented among the various 

 professions and crafts the general design in its comprehensive- 

 ness and consistency. But his professional position was made 

 effective by his personal qualities and accomplishments — by that 

 broad, liberal and catholic cultivation which brought him into 

 cordial and appreciafive relationship with all the artists in all 

 their varied fields. His leadership was, therefore, natural and 

 spontaneous, for, although he was modest almost to diffidence, 

 he never shrankfrom assuming responsibility. Hehadthemoral 

 qualities which mark the master, in addition to the highest 

 intellectual appreciation of the possibilities of his profession, 

 and in view of what he was and of the relations he had estab- 

 lished with so many of the foremost architects of the country, 

 his untimely death must be lamented as a serious loss to rural 

 art in America. 



Isaac C. Martindale died January 3d at his home in Camden, 

 New Jersey. An active business man all his life, he found 

 time to devote serious attention to the study of botany and to 

 form a large and comprehensive herbarium, particularly rich 

 in North American plants, while for many years he w^as an 

 active and useful member of the Philadelphia Academy of 

 Natural Science. The American Naturalist of November, 

 1879, contains his list of plants collected on the excursion of a 

 number of members of the American Association for the Ad- 

 vancement of Science to the Rocky Mountains in 1878, with 

 critical notes on various species. In a paper entitled "Notes 

 on the Bartram Oak" (Ouercusheterophylla), first read before 

 the West New Jersey Surveyors' Association, in 1880, and after- 

 ward issued in pamphlet form, Mr. Martindale recorded the re- 

 sults of careful observations on this rare and interesting tree, 

 which he believed was entitled to be considered a species and 

 not a mere hybrid which other studentsof our Oaks had some- 

 times thought it. Here will be found the summary of the 

 rather voluminous literature of Ouercus heterophylla, a species 

 which has long had special interest to dendrologists, both on 

 account of its rarity and for the uncertainty of its origin. The 

 Proceedings of the Philadelphia Academy for 1880 contain a 

 short paper prepared by Mr. Martindale on " Sexual Variations 

 in Castanea Americana." No. 2 of \hit Memoirs of the Torrey 

 Bjtanical Club is "A List of the Marine Algse hitherto observed 

 on the Coasts of New Jersey andStaten Island," by IsaacC. Mar- 

 tindale. These are his principal publications, for Martindale 

 was a collector rather than an author and probably never had 

 the time to do more than arrange and keep up his large collec- 

 tions and librarv. 



Catalogues Received. 



W. F. Allen, Jr., Salisbury, Md. ; Illustrated, Descriptive Cata- 

 logue of Choice Strawberry Plants. — F. Barteldes & Co., Lawrence, 

 Kan. ; Novelties in Vegetable and Flower Seeds; Seeds of Rocky 

 Mountain Wild Flowers; Grass, Field and Tree Seeds; Nursery 

 Stock. — BowKER Fertilizer Co., Boston and New York; Catalogue 

 of Sfockbridge Manures and Bowker's General Fertilizers. — Nanz & 

 Neuner, Louisville, Ky. ; Flower Seeds, Ornamental Climbers, New 

 Roses; Shrubs and Trees. — Charles E. Pennock, Fort Collins, 

 Colo. ; Rocky Mountain Fruits and Shrubs. — O. D. Shields, Colorado 

 Nursery Co., Loveland, Col.; Catalogue of Fruit and Ornamental 

 Trees, Grape Vines and Roses ; Wholesale Price List of Seeds and 

 Plants of Rocky Mountain Evergreens. 



