April 12, 1893.] 



Garden and Forest. 



169 



from it as at first. In exceptional cases this is true. Tiie proba- 

 bilities are, however, that the second and third cuts were as 

 good as the first in a pecuniary way, and not otherwise, since 

 during the years which intervened the diameter of merchanta- 

 ble trees has steadily diminished, while the price of lumber 

 has increased. Forestry provides not merely for sustaining the 

 proportion of the more valuable woods, but for increasing it. 



"The ordinary methods of lumbering are exceedingly care- 

 less of the life of all the young growth which may happen to 

 stand about the old trees. Such carelessness is not only de- 

 structive of the future value of the forest, but also increases 

 the danger of fire by the presence of a quantity of dry sap- 

 lings which forest-management would have allowed to grow. 

 Young green trees are the greatest protection a forest can have 

 against the spread of fire. Hence forest-management tends 

 distinctly to keep fire out, as compared with the methods of 

 ordinary lumbering. 



" Lumbering yields a slightly larger revenue than forest- 

 management, but in the end falls far behind it. It increases 

 the danger from fire, tends to deprive the forest of its more 

 valuable timber and lowers its capital value. Forest-manage- 

 ment does none of these things." 



Correspondence. 



Concerning Raspberries. 

 To the Editor of Garden and Forest : 



Sir, — I last year planted a small area of Raspberries, and 

 this spring they are hardly more than slender- branches, which 

 trail over the ground to the length of five or six feet. Why do 

 they not stand erect ? They are planted on ordinary soil. Do 

 they need any special soil ? I am setting out some more ; 

 how far apart shall I place them, and how long will they last 

 in good bearing condition, if they ever reach such condition ? 



Plainfield, N. J. -S". A. 



[Our correspondent has evidently planted Blackcaps, 

 which have a trailing habit during their first season's 

 growth. The growth this year will, no doubt, be stronger 

 and sufficiently erect. Space would be economized and 

 the plants would be more secure if the young canes were 

 staked and tied this year before they break down of their 

 own weight. The present plants are probably from one and 

 one-half to two feet high, with strong branches which run 

 over the ground, and these should be cut off to within a foot 

 or eighteen inches of the main stem. The new canes of this 

 year should be pinched off, say, three or four feet high, to 

 induce branching and prevent unwieldy growth. Black- 

 caps should have abundant room. Four and a half feet 

 apart in the row and the rows six feet apart is none too 

 much space on good soil. Red Raspberries, or those 

 which are propagated from the roots, may be planted three 

 feet by four, and if mulched with stable manure the roots 

 will be kept cool and there will be less need of hoeing, and 

 vitality will be furnished. They should be kept clean, 

 however, and the plants topped in spring to about three or 

 four feet high, according to their vigor, and their branches 

 shortened in to six inches or one foot long. Some varieties 

 sucker inordinately. Three to four canes in a hill are 

 enough and the others should be removed as so many 

 weeds. Raspberries usually develop all their good qual- 

 ities in any ordinary soil if well cared for, although a light 

 sandy soil is not congenial to them. They readily respond to 

 liberal feeding. Blackcaps have usually done their best 

 when four or five years old, but Red Raspberries, if liberally 

 treated, will remain healthy and will last for many years. 

 —Ed.] 



Tuberous Begonias. 



To the Editor of Garden and Forest : 



Sir, — That disappointment with Tuberous Begonias is com- 

 mon is well known, as you state on page 136, and yet these 

 plants have few equals in usefulness, whether for greenhouse 

 or garden. The disappointments come in this case, as in 

 many others, because the wants of the plants have not been 

 understood. When first introduced, few florists or gardeners 

 had the courage to expose them to our burning suns and dry- 

 ing winds. A few, however, persevered in their cultivation 



until the fact was established that they not only can endure, 

 but actually delight in our climate. The experience of last 

 season, which was one of the most severe in point of heat and 

 drought which we have ever known, proved this, and the dis- 

 play on Mr. Griffen's grounds near here last year excelled any- 

 thing I have ever seen in the low temperature and moist air of 

 England. The point to emphasize in regard to the cultivation 

 of these Begonias is that they must not be treated as ordinary 

 bulbs or tubers, but, so to speak, as plants. Amateurs have 

 been led to believe that the tubers could be kept dormant all 

 winter, like bulbs of Tigridia or Gladiolus, and then be planted 

 out in the same way in spring. This is the mistake which has 

 caused so much disappointment, for the tubers will not endure 

 so long a rest, and they cannot be exposed for much time to 

 the air without having their vitality impaired. They must be 

 kept in dry earth or sand in the winter until they show signs of 

 growth, which will be as early as the ist of March, and they 

 should at once be started rapidly. After the eyes are devel- 

 oped the tubers may be divided, so that each eye will make a 

 plant; then they are to be treated in all respects as greenhouse- 

 plants, and grown on steadily until the time for planting out, 

 which is not earlier here than the ist of June, since these Be- 

 gonias are sensitive to cold, but not to heat. By June the 

 plants will be six Inches high and proportionately stocky, and 

 such plants will make a fine display all the season, no matter 

 how high the temperature may be. On Mr. Griffen's grounds 

 last year the strong plants which were first set out grew vig- 

 orously, while the young stock from seed, sown too late to 

 make strong plants, did not prove satisfactory. If Tuberous 

 Begonias are to be grown from seed the seed should be sown 

 early in January, and a greenhouse will be necessary. The 

 amateur, however, can start tubers in any win'dow and grow 

 them on until time to set out. 



Floral Park, N. Y. C L. Allen. 



Daphne Mezereum. 

 To the Editor of Garden and Forest : 



Sir, — The beautiful European shrub, Daphne Mezereum, is 

 apparently becoming Naturalized in certain parts of this con- 

 tinent. About a year ago a healthy plant, three feet high, was 

 found growing in Seneca Park, an extensive piece of land 

 bought by the Rochester Park Commissioners, situated on the 

 banks of the Genesee River, on the north side of the city. It 

 is not known how it came to be there as there are no cultivated 

 plants in that locality. 



On the loth of August of last year, Mr. Cameron, the assist- 

 ant superintendent of Queen Victoria Park, showed me a large 

 number of shrubs of this Daphne growing in a wild state on 

 the Canadian side, in proximity to Niagara Horse Shoe Falls, 

 and covered with their scarlet fruit. They grew as freely as 

 the native Viburnums and Cornels around them. It would be 

 interesting to learn whether the shrub has been found else- 

 where growing wild. 



Rochester, N. Y. Joku Duilbar. 



Phajus X Gravesii. 

 To the Editor of Garden and Forest : 



Sir, — This new hybrid is the result of cross between Phajus 

 Wallichi and P. grandifolius. The seed was sown July 6, 1889, 

 came up December i, 1890, and bloomed February 12, 1893. 

 The general habit of growth and shape of spike and flower is 

 that of the seed parent ; the flower is five inches across ; 

 sepals and petals cinnamon color, with white reverses ; lip 

 pink-rose on front, with a white pencil-mark extending to 

 apex, the part enfolding the column white, stained with yellow 

 near the base ; column pure white. The name is complimen- 

 tary to H. Graves, Esq., of Orange, New Jersey. 



Orange, N.J. Robert M. Grey. 



Recent Publications. 



The Rose. By H. B. Ellwanger. Revised edition. New York: 

 Dodd, Mead & Co. 



It was ten years ago when this treatise first appeared, and it 

 at once took its place as the most accurate and valuable manual 

 on the subject that had ever been prepared. The author was 

 especially successful in his plan of grouping together Roses 

 belonging to certain types. This bringing together in separate 

 sections Roses which have in common a few marked charac- 

 teristics made a more convenient classification in regard to 

 garden qualities than any that had before been devised. The 

 book was especially good, too, in its complete list of Roses 

 which were generally grown ; in the careful descriptions of 



