314 



Garden and Forest. 



[Number 283. 



out humidity. The artificial supjily of water afforded by irri- 

 gation changes the condition, so that the sun, enriching in- 

 stead of desiccating the fruitage of tiie cultivated trees and 

 vines, brings it to the highest degree of excellency. 



San BernnrJiiH). Cal. ' S. B. Parish. 



Summer in the Pines. 



THE Pines are lovely now with great masses of Partridge- 

 berry, often several yards in extent, starred thickly with 

 delicate perfumed flowers, and matted so thickly over the 

 ground that it is difficult to find places for one's feet without 

 stepping on the pretty blossoms and the scarlet berries which 

 still cling among the shining evergreen leaves from last year's 

 setting. The luxuriant growth of this handsome plant in its 

 native wilds is a puzzle and mystery which I cannot penetrate. 

 Like the Trailing Arbutus and our charming Pyxie, it lan- 

 guishes amid civilized surroundings. Pyxieandthe Arbutusare 

 out of fiower, but their thick masses of foliage are always sug- 

 gestive and attractive. 



Large beds of both the Chimaphilas here in the woods are 

 putting to shame my efforts to establish them in the garden, 

 still I succeed better with these plants than with the other 

 trailers I have named, but, after all, they do not compare with 

 those in the Pines, which have much larger umbels of waxy, 

 fragrant flowers. All of these little evergreen trailers are 

 handsome in the Pines the whole year through. 



The airy Columbine is scattered among the Partridge-ber- 

 ries, and gracefully nods its scarlet flowers over the white and 

 green carpet beneath-; and this, too, is much more delicate 

 and handsome here than in our gardens. In a damp place is 

 a great mass of the Lizard's-tail, Saururus cernuus, standing so 

 thickly that it excludes almost everything else. The small 

 white flowers are crowded in long, slender, terminal spikes. 

 These spikes are not stiffly erect, but they nod gracefully un- 

 der the swaying of the breeze. In striking contrast is Aletris 

 farinosa, or Star-grass, which stands erect and unbending, with 

 a naked flower-stem two or three feet high, terminating with a 

 spike of tubular white flowers, rough on the outside. The 

 roughness is caused by numerous small mealy points or 

 prominences, which, with a low magnifying power, assume 

 quite gigantic proportions. And here is Coreopsis auriculata, 

 with handsome yellow flowers on long peduncles, and also two 

 or three species of Rudbeckia, our bright Corn-flowers, light- 

 ing up the waste places with brilliant yellow rays and purple 

 cones. 



A good many Orchids abound in the Pines. The handsome 

 Arethusa, with its fragrant rose-colored flower, has passed 

 away, and so have the pink and white flowers of the Lady's- 

 slipper, Cypripedium acaule, but there still remain Listera 

 australis, with a single pair of leaves and a spike of purplish 

 flowers ; Microstylis ophioglossoides, with only one leaf and 

 a raceme of small greenish flowers, and Liparis liliifolia, with 

 two root-leaves which are large compared with the small bulb 

 that produces them. Between the two leaves arises a small 

 scape of purple flowers. 



The Coral-root, Corallorhiza multiflora, grows in the dry 

 woods. It has a purple stem, which arises from a cluster of 

 coral-like roots, without any leaf whatever, and yet it supports 

 quite a long spike of small, pretty, light-colored flowers, the 

 lips of which are spotted with crimson. In more damp, rich 

 soil is the Rattlesnake-plantain, Goodyera pubescens, with its 

 tuft of white-veined thickish leaves lying snug to the ground, 

 and from the midst of the little rosette of foliage arises a 

 flower stalk with numerous small white blossoms. Two or 

 three species of Ladies'-tresses, Spiranthes, are also in bloom, 

 some of them with flowers deliciously scented. 



Pogonia divaricata is now blooming in wet places, and P. 

 verticillata as well. P. ophiaglossoides is almost everywhere 

 in the damp Pines, with its ever-present companion, Calopo- 

 gon pulchellus. And the charming fringed Orchids are just 

 coming into bloom. The white-fringed Habenaria blephari- 

 glottis is strikingly handsome, with its scape of pure milk- 

 white fringed flowers. And the yellow-fringed H. ciliaris is 

 very abundant, the flowers, however, are more orange than 

 yellow. The pale-yellow H. cristata is here, too, with smaller 

 flowers than those of the other two. 



Some of the Asclepias, or Milk-weeds, are beautiful now, 

 especially A. rubra, with umbels of rose-colored flowers, and 

 A. paupercula, with long slender stems terminating in small 

 umbels of large bright orange flowers. Both of these species 

 grow in the wet woods and are more abundant quite near to 

 the coast. A. tuberosa is almost everywhere in the more dry 

 Pines. The Meadow-beauty, Rhexia Virginica, is brightening 



up all the moist places with its purple flowers, while the Roses 

 are everywhere, and such Roses as one never sees farther in- 

 land. Near the coast they are much more thrifty and far 

 more handsome than the same species a few miles from the 

 shore. When the salt spray can reach them the foliage is per- 

 fect and of the deepest, richest green. May not this give a 

 hint for the treatment of our Roses at home? 

 Vineiand, N.J. Mary Treat. 



New or Little-known Plants. 



The Hybrid Multiflora Rose, Dawson, 



ROSA MULTIFLORA was described by Thunberg 

 more than a hundred years ago, but it was not cul- 

 tivated in this country until it was raised in the Arnold 

 Arboretum, from seed sent by Max Leichtlin in 1874. Three 

 years ago the jjlant was figured in Garden and Forest, vol. 

 iii., page 405, and in the accompanying description it was 

 stated that Mr. Jackson Dawson had obtained hybrids by- 

 using this Japanese species as the seed parent, and pollen 

 from dark-colored Hybrid Perpetual Roses, and that the 

 plants obtained by these crosses were hardy, having good 

 foliage and clusters of highly-scented flowers. The ex- 

 periments were said to promise a new race of hardy climb- 

 ing Roses of peculiar beauty and interest. Since then we 

 have given figures of other hybrids of this class, a partic- 

 ularly interesting one being a plant in which the variety 

 Miss Hassard was used as the pollen parent. One of these 

 hybrids, which has been since named Dawson, after its 

 producer, is a cross between Rosa multiflora and General 

 Jacqueminot, and appears in the illustrations on pages 

 316 and 317; Figure 47 giving a general view of the plant, 

 and Figure 48 a portion of it in greater detail. The plant 

 figured is now five years old, and it covers a trellis some 

 seven feet high and fourteen feet long. It is as vigorous in 

 growth as Rosa multiflora, but its foliage is not as soft, 

 having more of a varnished surface. The spines are inter- 

 mediate between those of the tv\'o parent plants, be- 

 ing somewhat reddish in color. The flowers, which are 

 nearly as double as those of General Jatqueminot, appear 

 in clusters of from ten to as many as forty, and as the dif- 

 ferent buds on the clusters come into bloom in suc- 

 cession, the flowering season is continued for a long time. 

 The color of these roses is a light rose-pink and they fade to 

 a still lighter color, not turning purple as the flowers of the 

 pollen parent do. The plant seems perfectly hardy, and 

 when it attains its full size it will probably cover a space 

 fully twenty feet square. It promises to be altogether a 

 desirable addition to our hardy roses. 



Cultural Department. 

 Climbing Honeysuckles. 



IT is much to be regretted that the name Honeysuckle has 

 in many parts of the country come to be used for at least 

 two distinct classes of hardy woody plants of very different ap- 

 pearance and general character. In our gardens and fields the 

 name should be restricted to the genus Lonicera, all of which 

 have opposite leaves which are often connate, or joined to- 

 gether at their bases, thus encircling the stem. On the other 

 hand, the name is often applied to both the wild and cultivated 

 Azaleas, which, among many other differing cnaracters, always 

 have alternate leaves. Applied to these the name of Honey- 

 suckle is confusing and misleading even when used with a 

 qualifying prefix, as, Swamp Honeysuckle. Azalea, too, is a 

 name pretty enough to be popular, and it is clearly distinctive. 



For planting purposes the true Honeysuckles are divided 

 into the so-called Bush Honeysucklts and those which climb 

 by twining stems. There are eight or ten species of the climb- 

 ing Honeysuckles to be found in cultivation, although not all 

 are worthy of a place in a small garden. 



Probably the oldest and most familiar, and for centuries the 

 most popular, of them are the Woodbines of English gardens, 

 also known as Dutch Honeysuckles. The leaves are covered 

 with a glaucous bloom, the pairs nearest the tip usually being 

 connate, and the flowers are arranged in clusters or heads at 

 the tips of. branches, the corollas usually purplish or rosy 



