July 26, 1893.] 



Garden and Forest. 



315 



colored on the outside, and white within, changing to yellow 

 with age and as they fade. They are most highly prized for - 

 their fragrance, which is more pronounced in the evening than 

 the day-time. There are two closely allied and very similar 

 species which differ chiefly in their time of flowering. The 

 early flowering Dutch Honeysuckle, Lonicera Caprifolium, be- 

 gins to blossom here about the first week in June, while the 

 other, known as L. Periclymenum, does not open its earliest 

 flowers until two or three weeks later, , The last species is the 

 best, and is also the best known. It often continues to pro- 

 duce occasional clusters of flowers late in the season after the 

 regular blossoming-time has passed. Both of these species 

 generally prove hardy enough in this climate, even without 

 protection, although they will probably do best if the stems are 

 laid on the ground and covered with a few leaves in winter. 

 The so-called Etruscan Honeysuckle, L. Etrusca, does not ap- 

 pear to differ so much from the above species as to make it a 

 necessity in the garden, and it is less desirable because in this 

 climate it seems to possess less vigor and hardiness. The 

 greatest discouragement m the cultivation of these Honey- 

 suckles in American gardens is caused by aphides, which are 

 often so abundant as to j^ompletely destroy any sense of beauty 

 or pleasure which might have been derived from the flowers, 

 even if the flowers are not themselves distorted or destroyed 

 almost beyond recognition. The foliage and young growing 

 shoots are also very greatly injured ; and in order to keep them 

 clean and free from the pests recourse must be had to emul- 

 sions of whale-oil soap or kerosene, or other insecticide which 

 kills by contact. 



Largely on account of their liability to injury by aphides, 

 these European Honeysuckles are rapidly being supplanted by 

 thejapanese Honeysuckle, Lonicera Japonica,and its varieties, 

 first introduced into England in the early part of the present 

 century and more recently into America. It is a native of 

 China as well as Japan. Its immunity from aphis attacks ap- 

 pears to be due to the hairy character of its leaves and young 

 stems, and it also seems to be rarely affected by other insects. 

 Of the several forms of this species in cultivation, that usually 

 found in the catalogues of nurserymen under the name of 

 Halleana or Hallii, is the most desirable, as it will contmue 

 blossoming from June until autumn frosts, whereas the flow- 

 ering period of the others only lasts for two or three weeks in 

 early summer. The flowers are powerfully fragrant, slender 

 tubed, about an inch in length, and of a white color changing 

 to yellowish as they grow old. Instead of being produced in 

 head-like terminal clusters they are borne along the lengths of 

 the growing shoots, a pair of flowers from the axil of each 

 opposite leaf ; so that, late in the season, well-developed fruits 

 may be found on the lower part of the shoots, while blossoms 

 are still opening nearer the tips. This Honeysuckle is suffi- 

 ciently hardy and vigorous to be a very satisfactory plant in 

 this latitude and may be trained to pillars, trellises and arbors, 

 or allowed to ramble over and hide a fence and produce a 

 pleasing effect, even when not in bloom ; for the foliage is 

 clean, of a dark green color and not covered with the glaucous 

 bloom of many species. The leaves also usually persist and 

 keep a good color until w^ell into the winter. 



There is a form of the Japanese Honeysuckle, known under 

 the name of Lonicera flexuosa, which has reddish stems, dark 

 green leaves, reddish beneath, and flowers which are pale red 

 on the outer side and white on the inner. It does not bloom 

 so long continuously as Hall's variety. Another form which 

 is very conspicuous, and is often seen, has showy yellow and 

 green mottled foliage, although it appears to produce com- 

 paratively few flowers. It is one of the showiest and healthiest- 

 looking of variegated-leaved climbing woody plants. It is 

 often found in catalogues under the name of Lonicera brachy- 

 poda aureo-reticulata ; and Lonicera Japonica is not rarely 

 obtained under the synonyms of Lonicera brachypoda, Lon- 

 icera Chinensis and Lonicera confusa. A peculiar character 

 of the species, especially noticeable in the golden variegated 

 form, isfound in the leaves, a few of the earliest of which, in- 

 stead of being ovate in outline and with entire margins like 

 the majority of them, are lobed much after the fashion of the 

 conventional White Oak leaf. 



While the Japanese Honeysuckle is likely to prove the most 

 popular of all good hardy kinds, we have several hardy Ameri- 

 can species with a climbing habit, one or two of which are 

 very handsome when well grown. They are sometimes inju- 

 riously affected by aphides. The Trumpet Honeysuckle, L. 

 sempervirens, has the most beautiful blossoms of any of the spe- 

 cies in cultivation, and to get its flowers in perfection the plant is 

 sometimes grown in a cool greenhouse. These tubular flow- 

 ers are without appreciable perfume, but as they are about 

 two inches long, of a deep red or scarlet color on the out- 



side, and show bright yellow at and within the mouth of the 

 tube, they produce a very brilliant effect. Forms with the 

 corollas bright yellow, instead of red, on the outside have been 

 collected in our woods, and are in cultivation, while another 

 selected form passes under the name of Fuchsioides. Here it 

 is deciduous, but farther south it is evergreen. 



In Garden and Forest, vol. iii., p. 190, L. flava and L. Sul- 

 livanti, two other American species, were figured. L. flava 

 is the most desirable of these. It has small bright orange-yel- 

 low flowers in close terminal heads, the mouth of the corolla 

 being wide flaring. The flowers of L. SuUivanti are less inter- 

 esting, being of a dull light yellow color and having shorter 

 corollas. Both have very glaucous foliage, and neither show 

 a disposition to grow very high on their supports. 



Lonicera grata is a species which has some affinities with the 

 old-fashioned Honeysuckles of Europe, but is not superior to 

 them. It is native south and west of New England, and is also 

 in cultivation, ^ r ^ h 



Arnold Arboretum. J • ^- J HCK. 



Plants in Flower. 



TUFTED PANSIES, despite the prevailing torrid tempera- 

 ture, are flowering freely, with flowers quite of the nor- 

 mal size. These are lovely flowers, of pure tints and of very 

 distinct, pronounced and agreeable fragrance. They are 

 hybrids between Alpine Violets and various garden Pansies, 

 and very much, of course, resemble the Pansies, though much 

 smaller than the ordinary modern large-flowered ones. The 

 plants, however, are somewhat modified, the stems being 

 more wiry ; they are also much more compact in habit and 

 produce many more shoots from the base. As summer 

 blooiners or bedders they are superior to Pansies, but their 

 principal charm, aside from the fragrance, is their purity of 

 color. My collection of these plants has, by various mishaps, 

 been reduced to a lot of seedlings of Dr. Stuart's Violetta, a 

 charming flower of quite a new strain and very compact in 

 growth. They are mostly Violettas, a pure white, with a small 

 yellow eye without rays; there are also whites with yellow 

 blotches on the lower petals, and very attractive light mauve 

 kinds. These plants are not only easily grown from seed, but 

 stock can be quickly gotten up from the very numerous base 

 shoots. 



Two Brodiaeas are still in flower. B. grandiflora, with tall 

 stems and loose clusters of bell-like flowers, bright purple in 

 color, and B. minor, a very dwarf plant, which seems to have an 

 unusually long flowering season, and in effect bears a remark- 

 able resemblance to Chionodoxa grandiflora, though much 

 more compact in habit and much more free in bloom. 



Campanula rhomboidalis, which I had from Woolson, is 

 very much in the way of C. rotundifolia, the Harebell, but has 

 a better habit. The flowers are the same dainty blue bells, 

 which have made this plant such a general favorite in the 

 hardy-plant garden. Campanula Carpatica is a very satisfac- 

 tory low-growing Harebell, with very numerous, compara- 

 tively large flowers. There are purple and white varieties of 

 this species. Campanulate flowers are always favorites, but 

 numbers of them are rather weedy, and there are none more 

 effective than the favorite old Canterbury Bells (C. media) and 

 the Chimney Campanula, C. pyramidalis, though both require 

 some care to be had in good condition. By the way, it is now 

 time to sow the seed of these. Other satisfactory campanu- 

 late flowers of the season are the Platycodons, both purple and 

 white, and the dwarf variety, Mariesi. These are reliable 

 hardy, free-flowering and long-stemmed. 



The glory of a hardy garden at present should be found in 

 bold groups of double Hollyhocks, and the best of these are 

 those with fringed petals, with pure clear colors deepening to- 

 ward the centre. The more formal rosettes with flat guard- 

 petals, though dear to the florists, do not seem to me very sat- 

 isfactory, though they are very pure in color. In a garden 

 where space can be spared, there are no hardy plants more 

 effective and striking than well-grown Hollyhocks, with their 

 noble habit and showy flowers. Curiously enough, a satisfac- 

 tory display of these plants is very much of a rarity, though 

 one often sees crowded groups of half-starved and colorless 

 plants carrying weak, single flowers. These plants are repro- 

 duced very closely from seed, or from side shoots which are 

 freely produced at the base later in the season, after the flow- 

 ering stem has been cut down, as it should be when the plants 

 go out of flower. Hollyhocks are very apt to disappear if not 

 given careful attention in the way of removing dead and de- 

 caying stems, which harbor destructive insects. They also 

 require a position where they will be fairly dry in winter, stand- 

 ing water being fatal to them. Given these attentions they 

 may be expected to winter safely in this latitude, but it is the 



