August 2, 1893.] 



Garden and Forest. 



329 



oratory and the music crowd out the tree-planting to a great 

 extent, and most of the trees planted receive Httle care and are 

 usually dead when the next Arbor Day comes around. When 

 there is to be a crowd at the celebration the trees should be 

 planted at some other time. A man can plant a tree so that a 

 few school-children can see and learn how it should be done, 

 and so that they can plant one themselves, but no man is apt 

 to plant a tree properly when two or three hundred people are 

 watching him in impatience for the introduction of more sen- 

 sational features of the programme. When we consider the 

 careful and unhurried manner in which a tree should be 

 planted, it is obvious tliat music and oratory are hardly more 

 appropriate accompaniments for the work than they would be 

 in that of milking a cow. 



Perhaps, as Mr. Morton, our Secretary of Agriculture, is the 

 founder of Arbor Day, he could prepare and send out from his 

 Department an appropriate popular statement which could be 

 read, either in whole or in part, as a feature of the proceedings 

 at every celebration of the day. But we should also have 

 something arranged as a responsive reading, so that the audi- 

 ence could participate directly, as people are educated in far 

 greater degree by what they do themselves than by what others 

 say in addressing them. It might be appropriate to consider 

 the matter at the forestry meedng at Chicago in October, and 

 in the mean time any suggestions or discussion by the press 

 relating to the subject would be distinctly helpful. 



Fi-anklin Falls, N. H. 7- ^- HarrisOU. 



Bulbs in the South. 

 To the Editor of Garden and Forest : 



Sir, — Referring to Mr. Endicott's letter (page 288), I would 

 say that I have now in bloom here, as a means of comparison, 

 northern-grown bulbs of the Pearl Tuberose. The stalks have 

 about the same average height, are slightly stouter than the 

 scapes from North Carolina-grown bulbs, but the flowers are 

 by no means as numerous or as large as ours. In fact, they 

 are quite insignificant in comparison. The bulbs of Lilium 

 candidum, now thoroughly ripe here, are certainly in better 

 condition to make their autumn leaves, preparatory to winter 

 forcing, than those brought in in autumn from Europe. A 

 grower who is intimately acquainted with bulb-culture here 

 and in Holland assures me that he knows from experience 

 that land in North Carolina, which can be bought for less than 

 five dollars per acre, will grow bulbs equal to land in Holland, 

 which costs $3,000 per acre. With an abundance of cheap 

 labor and cheap land, and a climate superior to that of Hol- 

 land, there is no reason why we should not grow bulbs as 

 cheaply as they are produced there. One of our northern im- 

 porters had an invoice of 100,000 bulbs of L. candidum from 

 Europe which were too worthless to sell. He sent them to 

 North Carolina and grew them one season, and on their return 

 to New York they were superior to any foreign bulbs ever 

 seen there. In the neighborhood of the spot where these 

 Lilies were grown, thousands of acres of forest-lands of the 

 same sort can be bought for three dollars an acre. 



Narcissus Tazetta and N. Polyanthus sometimes get hurt 

 here in a winter like the last, when they are planted too early 

 and start into growth in fall. Some we planted last fall were 

 hurt badly by the cold weather in January. Others planted 

 late in January grew finely and made superb bulbs. Doubt- 

 less, some of these bulbs can be grown well in Massachusetts, 

 but when a more sunny climate enables the grower to pro- 

 duce better bulbs in a year's less time, Massachusetts will not 

 be a dangerous competitor. Growers are continually finding 

 fresh adaptations in various soils and climates for the best pro- 

 duction of different plants, and whenever any location demon- 

 strates its superiority for a certain plant, there is where the 

 cultivation of that plant will eventually be carried on, whether 

 it be Massachusetts or North Carolina or Texas. The keen 

 competifion among dealers for the best products will soon 

 build up culture in those places best adapted to any article in 

 demand. 



The capacity of eastern North Carolina for bulb-culture has 

 already attracted the attention of the Holland growers, and a 

 wealthy bulb-grower is now expected here to make a personal 

 examination. If he concludes he can grow the bulbs here at 

 a greater profit than in Holland or New England, no motives 

 of patriotism will stand in the way. The Roman Hyacinth 

 certainly attains a size of bulb and profusion of spikes here 

 that I have never seen in bulbs from elsewhere, and I have 

 been handling them for many years. I have cut flowers from 

 the same bulbs here from middle December until the middle 

 of March. ,,^ „ , . 



Raleigh, N. C. ^V. F. Massey. 



The Columbian Exposition. 



The German Wine Building. 



STANDING in the south court of the Horticultural Building 

 is a structure covering 2,000 square metres, which is given 

 over wholly to an exhibit of German wines, but which is un- 

 observed by the great body of Exposition visitors, yet this little 

 building is one of the gems of the Fair. It is built in the form 

 of a cloister-cellar, and, even with the exhibitive features in- 

 troduced into its architectural composition, it is still as retired 

 and quiet in general feeling as the cloisters which it repre- 

 sents. The interior space is occupied with tables and stands 

 of wine in bottles, the combined exhibition of 289 growers and 

 dealers of the German Empire. The arrangement of the bot- 

 tles is effective because very simple. There is no effort, as 

 there is in some other exhibits, to obscure the monotony of 

 the display by mere decorative or striking designs. One or 

 two bottles of the different brands made by the various exhib- 

 itors are shown upon circular racks. There is no wine exhibit 

 in the Exposition, it is said, which contains so much variety in 

 actual brands and number of exhibitors as this " Deutsche 

 Wein Austellung." 



To the general pubhc, however, the merit of this unique 

 building lies in the remarkable panoramas which lie beyond 

 its eastern and southern walls. Upon these sides the building 

 is opened between pillars, and some of the most striking of 

 the German wine regions are thrown upon canvases beyond. 

 One looks out, as from a porch, upon landscapes of remarka- 

 ble picturesqueness, and the effect is greatly heightened by 

 plantations of Grape-vines in the foreground. These Grape- 

 vines are the actual plants brought from the neighborhoods 

 represented on the canvas, and set in earth as they customarily 

 grow. Of course, the Vines are not living, but they have been 

 so dexterously clothed with artificial leaves and fruit that they 

 represent the growing and bearing Vine almost perfectly. As 

 each of the panoramas represents a distinct wine district, so 

 the Vines in each foreground show the exact method of train- 

 ing in those districts ; and the artificial fruits represent the 

 varieties grown there. There are probably no panoramas in 

 the Exposition which are more perfect in their way than these 

 in the German Wine Building. 



The first panorama, as one enters the building from the 

 main entrance at the north, is a view of the Rhine from Nie- 

 derwald. The canvas is twenty-four feet high by thirty-six feet 

 long, and it represents a radius of eighteen miles. The paint- 

 ing is by Herwarth and Rummelspacher, Berlin. The canvas 

 shows the Rhine at the junction of the Nahe, with Bingen and 

 Riidesheim drawn in detail. At the left is the famous castle 

 of Rheinstein, and in an island in the river is the Mouse Tower, 

 both conspicuous objects to all tourists of the Rhine. The 

 canvas is remarkable for its panoramic features. The vines 

 which stand in the foreground of this remarkable landscape 

 stand about three by two feet asunder, and are trained to sin- 

 gle light stakes some five feet high. Two or three arms arise 

 from near the root and are tied straight up along the stakes. 

 The Grape chiefly grown here is the white Riesling. The sec- 

 ond panorama is the same size as the first and is made by the 

 same artists. It represents three widely separated regions, 

 although the landscapes have been selected with reference to 

 effective combination upon the same canvas. At either side 

 are views from the Mosel — Trarbach and Traben at the left 

 and Trier at the right — and between them is the vale of Neu- 

 stadt an der Haardt. At Trarbach and Traben the vines are 

 trained to stakes, live or six canes arising from the surface 

 and disposed in loops upon the stakes, a common method in 

 European vineyards. At this place the Riesling is the chief 

 wine-grape. At Neustadt the vines are trained on low trellises 

 of one or two wires, the system being very like that known in 

 western New York as the High Renewal. Two main arms or 

 heads arise from near the surface of the ground, from each of 

 which two or three canes are carried out upon the wires. At 

 this point the chief wine-grapes are Riesling, Sylvaner, Trami- 

 ner and Portugieser. The Fleisch Trauben, which is our 

 Black Hamburg, is grown, but not for wine. 



The third panorama, painted by Von Freudemann, Richter 

 and Lefensdorf, Berlin, shows the Neckarthal — or Neckar val- 

 ley — from Esslingen to Cannstadt. This is a part of the Al- 

 sace-Lorraine region, noted for its mild wines. Here the 

 vines are grown to three main arms, trained to as many stakes, 

 which stand about two feet apart, with a space of two and a 

 half feet between the rows. The arms are bent inward at 

 the top in hoop fashion. The wine-grapes of this region are 

 the Riesling, Sylvaner, Limberger and Trollinger. The last is 

 said to be identical with Black Hamburg, but it is here used 



