November i, 1893.] 



Garden and Forest. 



455 



large, good in form and substance, and snow-white. It ob- 

 tained a first-class certificate. 



A fine variety of Red Oak, Q. coccinea, shown by Mr. 

 Anthony Waterer under the name of splendens, was 

 awarded a first-class certificate. It is the same as the 

 plant shown last year as Knap Hill Oak. Mr. Waterer also 

 showed flowers of his Spiraea callosa, van A. Waterer, and 

 a bunch of branches of Spiraea Thunbergii, the leaves 

 colored rich orange aiid scarlet, a beautiful plant in autumn. 



LiLiUM Nepalense. — A group of this beautiful Indian Lily 

 was shown by Messrs. H. Low & Co., with whom it is 

 proving to be a first-rate garden-plant. It bids fair to be- 

 come a popular Lily with growers of these plants. It would 

 be interesting to know how these newer Indian Liliums 

 would behave under cultivation along with L. longiflorum 

 in the Florida fields. 



Pentstemon ANTiRRHiNomES. — This interesting shrubby- 

 species of Pentstemon was introduced to Kew from Cali- 

 fornia about twenty years ago, and flowered in the open 

 ground in September. It is not, however, hardy, and con- 

 sequently it had disappeared from cultivation here until last 

 Tuesday, when it was shown in flower at the Royal Hor- 

 ticultural Society meeting by Sir Trevor Lawrence. It may 

 be well known in American gardens, but in case it is not I 

 may say it is a much-branched, glabrous, subcinerous 

 shrub with slender leafy shoots, suggesting those of Myrtle 

 OF Leptospermum, and bearing numerous lemon-yellow 

 flowers an inch across, short in the tube, with the lower 

 divisions of the limb incurved. It might prove a good 

 plant to cross with the popular herbaceous species of the 



genus. 



London. 



W. Watson. 



New or Little-known Plants. 



Orchid Notes. 



Cypripedium Charlesworthii. — This new species has re- 

 cently been introduced from the East Indies by Messrs. 

 Charlesworth, Shuttleworth & Co., of Bradford, by whom a 

 plant in flower was exhibited at the last meeting of the 

 Royal Horticultural Society, and obtained a first-class cer- 

 tificate. It has strap-shaped green leaves, veined on the 

 under side, and distinct beautiful flowers borne singly on 

 scapes three inches long. The upper or dorsal sepal is 

 nearly three inches in diameter, and is white, with rose- 

 purple veining ; the two lower sepals are greenish white. 

 The petals are nearly two inches long, straight, smooth- 

 edged, and colored brownish yellow. The lip resembles 

 that of C. insigne, and is of a yellowish color, with brown 

 shading. The staminode is conspicuous, being large, flat 

 and pure white. Mr. Rolfe is responsible for the name of 

 this plant. 



DiSA Veitchii X TRiPETALOiDES. — This is a new hybrid 

 raised at Kew, where it is now flowering for the first time. 

 As will be seen from its parentage, it combines three dis- 

 tinct species. D. Veitchii being the result of crossing D. 

 grandiflora with D. racemosa. As I surmised some time 

 ago when writing about D. Veitchii, these hybrids are 

 much easier to cultivate than most Orchids, and they in- 

 crease as rapidly as Couch-grass. The new hybrid has a 

 crowded rosette of sturdy green leaves, from the centre of 

 which springs a scape as thick as a swan's-quill and one 

 and a half feet high. The flowers are as numerous as on 

 D. racemosa, nearly two inches across, and colored deep 

 rose. I can recommend these tufted Disas to any one in 

 search of promising material to breed from, as it is scarcely 

 possible to make a mistake in crossing and raising them 

 from seed. 



Cattleya BLESENsis is a new hybrid between C. Loddi- 

 gesii and Laelia pumila Dayana. It was shown in flower 

 last week by Messrs. B. S. Williams & Son, and obtained 

 an award of merit. It is a healthy-looking, free-growing 

 plant in the way of C. Loddigesii, and produces three or 

 four flowers on a scape, each larger than either of the 



parents, the sepals and petals being colored rosy mauve, 

 and the front lobe of the wavy edged labellum maroon- 

 purple. 



Satykium membranaceum, S. princeps and S. eriocarpum 

 are handsome species of this large genus of south 

 African terrestrial Orchids, which have been well flowered 

 in several London collections this year. Satyriums are 

 structurally interesting as well as being generally pretty 

 in flower, and if they were only a little less refractory under 

 ordinary treatment they would soon become general 

 favorites. _ 



Kew. ■«• 



Cultural Department. 



Early Deciduous Shrubs. 



nri 



'HE length of time during which the leaves of trees and 

 shrubs persist on the plants in the autumn is a considera- 

 tion which naturally comes within the province of the land- 

 scape-gardener. This is especially true where it is designed to 

 plant foreffectduringa particular month or time in the autumn. 

 Although there are tew plants which, as species, can be stated 

 to lose their leaves regularly within a limited specified time, 

 the general tendency is often clearly shown, and can be relied 

 upon. Different species of the same genus frequently show 

 great differences in persistence of foliage. Something also de- 

 pends upon condition and environment, and the same species 

 may show considerable differences between youth and old age, 

 and rich and moist or poor and dry soils. Young vigorous 

 plants in good ground, as a rule, will hold their leaves longer 

 than more mature plants in soil containing less available plant- 

 food. Grafting, too, on particular kinds of stock, must have 

 an effect in hastening or retarding defoliation. The effect of 

 climate, and the consequent acquired habits of the species in 

 its native home, are also inherited traits which are carried with 

 it and long perpetuated in its new surroundings. Therefore we 

 have plants that originally grew in a more moist climate and 

 with more extended autumn, which, transplanted here, hold 

 their leaves for a longer time than our closely related native 

 species. 



After only one or two light frosts within the preceding week, 

 and after a very dry autumn and some late wind-storms, a 

 large number of shrubs are found to be practically leafless by 

 the 20th of October, and a look over the collection furnishes 

 some instructive points in comparison. 



Among twiners, SchizandraChinensis has lost all foliage, and 

 the native Bittersweet, Celastrus scandens, has lost a large pro- 

 portion of it, while the Asiatic C. articulata is still fresh and 

 full. The Virginia Creeper, Ampelopsis quinquefolia, lost all, 

 or nearly all, its leaves some time ago, after changing to bril- 

 liant crimson and red colors, but the Japanese A. tricuspidata 

 (A. Veitchii of gardens) still holds its foliage intact, and dis- 

 plays the bright hues earlier shown by its American congener. 

 Leaves of native species of Vitis show the elfect of frost, but 

 more have fallen from V. Labrusca than from others, although 

 the Asiatic V. Amurensis showed its tendency to earlier ma- 

 turity by shedding its leaves before any indication of frosty 

 weather, and the plants are now quite bare. 



Leaves of Moonseed, Menispermum, have largely turned 

 brown or fallen, but some still maintain a fresh and green ap- 

 pearance ; and, although Actinidias have as yet dropped 

 no leaves and are mainly fresh and green, they have turned 

 brown and dry where touched by frost. 



Calycantlius shrubs are half bare, the leaves turning to a 

 yellow-brown before falling ; and few plants of our native 

 Prickly Ash or Toothache-tree, Zanthoxylum Americanum, 

 show any foliage remaining on their prickly stems. The 

 American species of Evonymusare practically without leaves ; 

 two or three introduced hardy Asiatic species have lost a large 

 proportion of them after changing to rich autumn colors, but 

 the common European species, Evonymus Europ^eus, andits 

 various garden forms still retain an almost midsummer 

 green and fullness. Our little native Rhamnus alnifolms lost 

 its leaves some time ago, and the European common Buck- 

 thorn, Rhamnus catharticus, has, in many situations, lost a 

 large proportion of them. Among the Winterberries, Ilex lae- 

 vigata and I. monticola are now half bare of foliage, wiiich, 

 before falling, turns to a pretty light yellow color ; but I. ver- 

 ticillata is still quite green. The Bladdernuts, or species of 

 Staphylea, are also now half leafless, or in some cases quite so. 



The only Sumach which holds its leaves up to this time is 

 the European Smoke-tree, R. Cotinus, which is still fresh- 

 looking and has not lost a leaf. The leaves of all the native 



