February 12, 1890.] 



Garden and Forest. 



79 



Ericas often grow leggy and thin because they have not 

 been cut back or stopped sufficiently. The hard-wooded 

 kinds should have the points of their strongest shoots removed 

 soon after the flowers are over and growth has started again ; 

 the soft-wooded kinds should be cut back hard a few weeks 

 before they are repotted, and kept a little warmer until they 

 break. Mildew is the greatest enemy of these plants ; it may 

 be kept under by means of sulphur. Prevention is, however, 

 better than cure, and if the plants are well supplied with fresh 

 •dry air they will not suffer much from mildew. 



A selection of the best of the Ericas now known in gardens 

 would include the following: 



Soft-wooded. — E. Caffra, E. Cavendishiana, E. cerinthoides, 

 JS. colorans, E. Eweriana, E. gracilis, E. grandinosa, E. hybrida, 

 E. hyemalis, E. melanthera, E. perspicua, E. persoluta, E. 

 ventricosa, vars., and E. Wilmoreana. 



Hard- wooded. — E. Aitoniana, E. ampullacea, vars., E. 

 Devoniana, E. effusa, E. eximea, E. Fairieana, E. Jacksoni- 

 ana, E. jasminiflora, E. Kingstoniensis, E. McNabiana, E. Mas- 



stem three feet in height it is certain to be dead on the south 

 side of the stem in three years. But top-worked on the Asiatic 

 species (Elaagnus angiistifolia), even at a height of six feet 

 its stem will remain perfect. Of this we have examples, 

 in many directions. In fruits some varieties fail in stem 

 which are perfect in top. In such cases top-working on 

 stocks that are proof against sun and wind is an evident ad- 

 vantage. 



Top-working is an advantage in another way on our ex- 

 tremely varied soils. As an instance, the Gros Pomier Apple 

 does remarkably well on sandy land where many sorts utterly 

 fail. Working the sorts that fail on sand on this stock 

 seems to. meet with success. 



Again, the Tetofsky Apple does well on low, wet prairie land 

 where most other sorts fail, and experience has shown an ad- 

 vantage in using it as a stock on such soils. In Silesia this 

 adaptation of fruit-tree stocks to varied soils has reached greater 

 perfection than in any country of which I have information. 



Iowa Agricultural College. J • E. Hildd. 



The Entrance to Pere-Lachaise Cemetery. — See page 74. 



soni, E. Marnockiana, E. ovata, E. retorta, E. Shannoniana, 

 E. tricolor, vars., E. vestita, and E. Victorice-Reginez. 



These would form a good collection to begin with. Proba- 

 bly a hundred kinds, all first-class flowering plants for the 

 greenhouse, could be got together even now, for there are 

 still a few nurserymen in England who grow a good collection 

 of Cape Heaths. 

 Kew H W. 



Grafting.— There is no proof that a tree which is liable to 

 injury in our trying climate can be made hardier by grafting 

 it on an iron-clad stock, but top-working is of advantage in 

 more than one way. In our interior climate, trees doing well 

 under forest conditions as to shade of stem may utterly fail 

 when the stems are exposed to the direct rays of the sun and 

 hot south-west winds when isolated on the open prairie. As 

 an instance, the Buffalo berry {Shepherdia argentea) is plenti- 

 ful on the banks of the upper Missouri, growing thickly like 

 Hazel brush ; but when planted by itself in our yards with a 



Perennial Pyrethrums. — There are few hardy plants that have 

 lent themselves so kindly to the skillful manipulation of the 

 florist and been so obviously improved thereby as the parent 

 of this useful race of hardy plants,. Pyrethrum roseum. 

 Indeed it is a mystery how, from this, the original species, a 

 pretty thing in itself, much resembling a rose-colored Ox-eye 

 Daisy, such beautiful varieties have been obtained, notably the 

 one with large, double white flowers with not a tinge of color 

 to mar their snowy purity and others of the brightest crimson 

 and all the various shades between the two. Their cultivation 

 is extremely simple, as it is only necessary to plant them in 

 good soil well enriched and leave them alone, to become 

 possessed of fine strong clumps, and it is from these that 

 good and satisfactory results may be anticipated. The flower- 

 ing period of these Pyrethrums extends over the whole of the 

 summer season, and this is a trait worthy of special notice 

 when one considers the durability of the flowers in a cut state. 

 When it is desired to increase the stock of plants none but 

 strong clumps should be selected for this purpose, and the 



