March 5, 1890.] 



Garden and Forest. 



117 



is far more likely to speak and write about it, to get up meet- ing country consists of low ranges of coast-hills and rich allu- 

 ings for it, to seek to have it taught, to urge legislation for it, vial plains and marshes. The topmost peak above the great 

 to have it tried on his own land or that of his huntingand fish- southern spur is 13,700 feet high. It naturally follows that this 

 ing-club, if he belong to an association, and feel it a duty to mountain affords an enormous range of climate and tempera- 

 his associates to spread the gospel in every way he can, than ture. The thermometer descends to freezing point at the top, 

 if he do not ; and those who can do the least individually can, and there is sleet, but no snow has been seen. The day 

 by their subscriptions, greatly increase the opportunities and temperature of the sea-coast and plains is generally from 

 effectiveness of the workers. eighty to ninety degrees in the shade, and perhaps ten de- 

 Two very useful classes of people have as yet held aloof in grees lower only on the coldest nights. The great granite 

 large numbers from the forestry associations — viz., those who peaks of this mountain, even at the distance stated, are cold 

 know something about forestry and those who do not. The enough and massive enough to attract a current of hot, 

 latter, as the majority in the community, must largely consti- moisture-laden air from the sea, and this current sets in every 

 tute any forestry association which hopes to wield the power- day about four or five o'clock. The diagram here given will 

 ful influence of numbers in this democratic land. They are illustrate what occurs better than words. 

 ten times as likely to learn something about forestry inside an 



association as out of it, and their sinews of war are as good as \ \ 



those of the greatest scientists. To scientists, however, a sue- _ ^v'W 



cessful association must always look for inspiration and guid- v\lt. 13.700 feet. ~ ~"i- r -"~--s^tf"cuRBfiifs ofa!r 



ance. The principal officers ought certainly to be men of /~^~\ 



reputation, especially in forestry and botanical science. How /I t j 



else can a forestry association attract outsiders, and show them ALT. 10.000 •_• r /. I 



that it exists for real work, to be done by real workers, and not always' 7 ^-/ " -viliosaX 



to amuse a few amateurs ? What influence upon public opin- clouds ^t/ INRaj I ah \ 



ion and public men can an association exert when many of „'' ' °r ' / N.EdwaiJjdsiana I 



those best fitted for its peculiar work stand aloof ? It should v\i.t. 5.000 •_. -ell. _ ,cc^--- /.ILLow!!j_ \ 



not be forgotten that the American Forestry Association is the _1- ---■"""" ct-^ *'/ ~ \~ 



child of Hough and Warder, and their successors in the work o . sT ,mb aS ^ __..--'' / t ^ 



of investigation and instruction should succeed them also as current of hot « --'~"'/~\ / § V^ 



the natural guardians of this and kindred bodies. Of course, y=^ -■""' f~~^ V / % \ 



every such society includes some scientific men, but not /^~^v_y \ ,-v / V' T. 



enough of them. If they think these associations too ama- , s .,-• ■ -— i- 



teurish, let them personally add the leaven of practical _.. , . . . , .. . ~~ ~ ~ 77 ". 7~ 



. • r j i Diagram showing hot and cold air currents on the sides of the mountain in 



Science. Borneo, meeting and condensing at the Nepenthes zone. 



It may be urged that existing agricultural and horticultural 



societies can do the work. If they are willing to undertake it, Every night in the year there is a deluge of rain in what I 



well and good; but they usually exist chiefly for the instruction have ca n ed t h e Nepenthes zone of this mountain, that is, from 



of their own members, whereas forest- reform, for many years 5|000 to IOOOO f eet in altitude, and even if not raining in the 



to come, can only be achieved by enlightening the people and day-time there is a constant state of what has been called 



developing public opinion. "Scotch mist," or air-clouds condensing into small rain, which 



To conclude, I do not see how real forest-reform can ever wets one to the s \-\ n most thoroughly in half an hour. All the 



be secured in this country except by the work of associations time t was up t hj s mountain (I was there on two occasions in 



organized for that purpose. The effectiveness of this work w hat below were the wet and dry seasons), I never had a dry 



must depend on the numbers, the liberality and the intelli- thread to my back except at night in the cave with a great 



gence of the members. On all men and women who believe bonfire blazing outside. The native guides from the last 



in forest-reform such a society has a claim, whether they can village on the road, Kiau (altitude 3,000 feet), found the wet 



give but a little money and a good word, or the talents and the and co i d (forty-nine to fifty-five degrees Fahrenheit) on 



knowledge which have been entrusted to their keeping, not t his mountain too much for them, and they became quite 



alone for their own profit and fame, but for the benefit of their paralyzed and finally left for their homes rather than endure 



fellow-men. Charles C. Binney, die ch jn y dampness of this Pitcher-plant paradise. At 0,000 to 



Philadelphia, Pa. Cor. Sec. American Forestry Association. IOOOO feet a]tiUldc the trees are Iow and scrubby> and covered 



with long moss, filmy ferns (here I saw the trees draped with 



, . the rare Trichomanes pluma, only seen alive previously by the 



A (jardener s Problem, veteran plant hunter, Tom Lobb), and Lichens or Usnea, and 



^ 11 r- i- t r r . ^„ . „„ ■g-^t.c^. creeping, monkey fashion, amongst this vegetation, was only 



To the Editor of Garden and Fores r : another name for a perpetual shower-bath from the branches 



Sir.— On page 42 of your issue for January 22d, your corre- overhead, 



spondent, Mr. William Watson, illustrates his views by some From what I have said, I think that my friend Mr. Watson 



statements which seem to need correction. He mentions w ill perceive that when Mr. Moore transferred Nepenthes 



Nepenthes Rajah, a plant introduced alive to Chelsea by Mr. Rajah from a hot and.dry temperature to a comparatively cool 



Peter Veitch and myself in 1878— that is, about twelve and moist one, he approached the natural conditions under 



years ago, instead of six years, as stated by Mr. Watson, which this noble plant was found growing by me, and hence, 



who may, however, have been misled by the date when no doubt, his superior measure of success. All these upland 



the plants were distributed. This inaccuracy is a trifling or mountain Nepenthes are more or less difficult of culture, 



matter; but one of more consequence occurs in the ioot-note, and extremely difficult to import, owing to the heat of the 



where it is stated that N. villosa thrives " only in the hottest and plains and the sea voyage. On the other hand, the species 



moistest stove," when the fact is that this plant has never yet found in marshy forests at or near sea level are comparatively 



been brought alive to European gardens. No doubt Mr. Wat- easv> requiring" heat and moisture only, with a moderate 



son, when writing, had N. Veitehii in his mind, a plant totally amount of shade. One Nepenthes, viz., the well known X. 



different and distinct from N. villosa, although formerly Rafflesiana, is the first weed to appear after forest or jungle 



grown in error of its true name as N. villosa in English fires in Borneo and Labium, 



gardens. Botanical Gardens, Trinity College, Dublin. F. IV. BlirbidgC. 



My friend Mr. Moore, of Glasncvin, was better informed as to 

 the native climate and surroundings of these Pitcher plants than 

 Mr. Watson has inferred. When I presented the plant of Ne- 

 penthes Rajah to Mr. Moore I also told him of the native con- 

 ditions, and it is a proof of his intelligence and skill that he has 

 so far cultivated this plant when scores of other good plant- 

 growers have failed. These native climatic conditions are so 

 peculiar that I may here state them in a brief way. The four 

 most interesting Nepenthes found wild on Kiha Balu are N. 

 Lowii, N. Edwardsiana, N. Rajah and N villosa(vera). They 

 are found on the southern spur in the order named, commenc- 

 ing with A r . Lowii, at 5,000 feet, and ending with N Rajah and 

 N. villosa, at 9,000 to 10,000 feet. This enormous mountain 

 range is about sixty miles from the sea-coast, and the interven- 



The Waverly Oaks. 



To the Editor of Garden and Forest : 



Sir. — Your recent editorial on the Waverly Oaks, with its 



plea for the preservation of the charming scene in which they 

 stand, prompts me to lay before you an imperfect outline of a 

 scheme by which not the scene at Waverly only, but others of 

 the finest bits of natural scenery near Boston, might perhaps 

 be saved to delight many future generations. 



But first a few words on another pressing problem. It is 

 everywhere agreed that a great and growing population, such 

 as now inhabits Boston and her wide-spreading suburbs, 



