March 12, 1890.] 



Garden and Forest. 



131 



concerned. Overproduction, however, has had the natural re- 

 sults with the planters, and quinine is now sold in London at 

 prices considerably below the cost of production. This is due 

 principally to the state of affairs in Ceylon.where the Cinchona 

 was planted in immense quantities to replace the Coffee-tree, 

 long the stable product of the island, when the coffee crop be- 

 gan to fail from the fungoid disease which attacked the trees. 

 Then the Cinchona failed there to a certain extent, and the 

 planters turned their attention to tea-planting, cutting down 

 the Cinchona-trees by wholesale and throwing the bark on the 

 market in immense quantities, and with fatal results so far as 

 the price of the commodity was concerned. This state of 

 things, however, sooner or later will correct itself, and the 

 world owes a debt of gratitude to the authorities of Kew, 

 through whose instrumentality the Cinchona-tree was first suc- 

 cessfully transported from the new world to the old, for this 

 successful piece of work, a good example of the practical 

 value of a great scientific establishment of this character. 



There are papers, too, on the use of the berries of the Maqui 

 [Aristotelia Maqui) in coloring wine. The Maqui is a small 

 evergreen tree or shrub, which is common in the mountain 

 regions of Chili, belonging to the same family as the Lindens, 

 and with the same fibrous inner bark. Maqui berries are 

 eaten in Chili either fresh or preserved, and mixed with grapes 

 are made into wine. ' Of recent years they have been collected 

 and exported to Europe in very large quantities for the pur- 

 pose of coloring wine. This industry seems to be growing 

 rapidly. In 1884, 26,592 kilos of the dried berries were sent to 

 France, while in 1887 the quantity had increased to 315,774 

 kilos. The berries are used in the same way and for the same 

 purpose as Elder-berries have been used in France. The 

 present issue of the Bulletin contains also shorter articles on 

 Vine Culture in Tunis, on the Phylloxera in Victoria, on Baron 

 Eggers' Botanical Exploration of Cuba, and a statistical article 

 on the sugar production of the world, which, among other 

 things, shows that for a period covered by the years 1853-1887, 

 out of a total increase of production amounting to three and 

 three and a quarter millions of tons, no less than two and a 

 quarter millions of tons, or about sixty percent., is an increase 

 of beet-sugar, which has now changed its position as a factor 

 in the production, having reached the point of being nearly 

 equal to cane-sugar, whereas at the beginning of the period it 

 supplied only one-eighth of the total production. The pro- 

 duction of both British cane-sugar and foreign cane-sugar 

 has more than doubled in the same period. 



Bibliography. 



A List of Works on the Art of Landscape-Gardening. 



THE following list of works treating of landscape-gardening 

 which have been published in English, French, German 

 and Italian since 1625, the date of Bacon's classical. essay, has 

 been prepared in the library of the British Museum, in the 

 Bibliotheque Nationale and in other public and private libraries, 

 and is as complete as I have been able to make it. I have 

 endeavored to include all books, pamphlets, articles and reviews 

 except those which have appeared in horticultural and agri- 

 cultural papers. Such a work is necessarily liable to error, and 

 I shall be glad of any suggestions or corrections which will 

 help to make the list more complete and correct. 



Those books which seem to have a special interest are 

 marked with a star. Henry Sargent Codman. 



Brookline, Mass., Feb. 1st, 1890. 



1625. Francis Bacon. — "Essays ; or Counsels, Civil and Moral," 

 xlvi. " Of Gardens " London, 8vo. (Many eds.) 



1638. Jacques Boyceau de la Baraudiere. — "Traite du Jardinage 

 selon les raisons de la Nature et de l'Art." Paris, folio, ill. 

 Ed. 2, Paris, 1678, i2mo. Ed. 3, Paris, 1689, i2mo. Ed. 4, 

 Paris, 1707, l2mo. 



1665. Rene Rapin. — "Rapini Hortorum libri iv., et disputatio de 

 cultura hortensi." Paris, 4to. French trans., " Les Jardins, 

 poeme latine en quatre chants," by Voyron and Gabiot, 

 Amsterdam, 1782, 8vo. English trans, by John Evelyn, Lon- 

 don, 1673, 8vo. Another by James Gardiner, London, 1716, 

 8vo. 



1667. John Milton. — "Paradise Lost." Book iv. London. 8vo. 

 (Many eds.) 



1689. Sir Wm. Temple. — " On the Gardens of Epicurus; or of Gar- 

 dening in the year 1685." London, 4to. (Many eds.) 



1709. A.J. Dezallier d'Argenville. — "La Theorie et la Pratique 

 du Jardinage, ou Ton traite au fond des beaux jardins," etc. 

 Paris, 4to., ill. (Anon.) Ed. 2, enlarged, with name of author 

 thus, "L. S. A. I. D. A.," Paris, 1713, 4to., ill. Ed. 3, Paris, 



1732, 4to., ill. Ed. 4, enlarged, with name of author thus, 

 "M * * *," Paris, 1747, 4to., ill. Pirated ed. by Alexandre Le 

 Blond (to whom the book is usually attributed), Paris, 1712, 

 4to., ill. This mistake was copied in the three eds. published 

 at The Hague, 1711, 1 7 15, 1739, 4to., ill.; also in English 

 trans, by John James, London, 1712, 1728, 1743, 4to. Ger- 

 man trans., Ausburg, 1731, 8vo. 



1712 Joseph Addison.— "On the Causes of the Pleasures of the Imag- 



ination arising from the Works of Nature, and their superior- 

 ity over those of Art." The Spectator, No. 414, London, 8vo. 

 (Many eds.) 



1713. Alexander Pope. — "An Essay on Verdant Sculpture." The 



Guardian. No. 173, London, 8vo. (Many eds.) 



1713 Alexander Pope. — "Windsor Forest." London, folio, ill. 



(Many eds.) 



1714. Joseph Addison. — "Description of a Garden in the Natural 



Style." The Spectator, No. 477, London, 8vo. (Many eds.) 

 1718. Stephen Switzer. — " Ichnographia Rustica ; or, the Noble- 

 man, Gentleman and Gardener's recreation." London, 3 

 vols., 8vo., ill. Ed. 2, enlarged, London, 1741, 3 vols., 

 8vo., ill. 

 1728. Batty Langley. — " New Principles of Gardening; or the lay- 

 ing out of Parterres, Groves, Wildernesses, Labyrinths, Ave- 

 nues, Parks, etc." London, 4to., ill. 



1731. Alexander Pope—" Of the Use of Riches; a poetic epistle to 



Richard Boyle, Esq., Earl of Burlington." London, 8vo. 

 (Many eds.) 



1732. James Thomson.— "The Seasons." London, 8vo. (Many eds.) 

 !737- J- F. Blondel. — " De la Distribution des Maisons de Plaisance 



et de la Decoration des Edifices en general." Paris, 2 vols., 

 4to., ill. 



1753. Francis Coventry. — "Strictures on the absurd novelties in- 

 troduced into Gardening, and a humorous description of 

 Squire Mushroom's Villa." The World, No. 15, London, 4to. 



1753. M. A. Laugier. — "Essai sur PArchitecture." Chap, vi., 272, 

 "De l'Embellisement des Jardins." Paris, i2mo. (Anon.) 

 Ed. 2, with name of author, Paris, 1755, i2mo. English 

 trans., London, 1755, l2mo. 



1757. Sir Wm. Chambers. — "Designs of Chinese Buildings, etc., to 

 which is annexed a description of their Temples, Houses, 

 Gardens, etc." (English and French.) Chap, vii., " Of the 

 Art of Laying out Grounds among the Chinese." London, 

 folio, ill. Reprinted (French) in Latipie's trans, of Whate- 

 ley's " Observations on Modern Gardening." 



1757. J. M. Morel. — " L'Art de distribuer les Jardins, suivant 

 l'usage des Chinois." Paris, 8vo. (Anon.) 



1762. * Henry Home (Lord Kaimes). — "Elements of Criticism," ii., 

 430. " Gardening and Architecture." London, 2 vols., 8vo. 



1762-1771. *Horace Walpole (Earl of Orford.) — "Anecdotes of 

 Painting in England," iv., 247. "A History of the Modern 

 Taste in Gardening." Strawberry Hill, 4 vols., 4to. (Many 

 eds.) Reprinted in Marshall's "Rural Ornament," i., 197. 

 French trans., "Essai sur l'Art des Jardins Modernes," by the 

 Due de Nivernois. Paris, 1785, 4to. Another, Luzanne, 

 1788, l6mo. (Anon.) 



1764. *Wm. Shenstone. — "Collected Works," ii., m. "Uncon- 



nected Thoughts on Gardening." London, 3 vols., l2mo. 

 Ed. 2, London, 1768, i2mo. Ed. 3, London, 1769, i2mo. 



1765. *Jacques Delille.— "Les Jardins; ou l'Art d'embellir les 



Paysages." Paris, 8vo. (Many eds.) English trans, by 

 Mrs. Montolieu. London, 1798, 4k). Ed. 2, London, 1805, 8vo. 



1768. *George Mason. — " An Essay on Design in Gardening." Lon- 

 don, 8vo. (Anon.) Ed. 2, enlarged, with name of author. 

 London, 1795, 8vo. 



1768. Jean Jacques Rousseau. — "La Nouvelle Heloise." Part iv., 

 Letter xi. Paris, 4to. (Many eds.) 



1770. *Thomas Whatelf.y (or Wheatley).— " Observations on Mod- 

 ern Gardening, illustrated by descriptions." London, 8vo. 

 (Anon.) Ed. 2, London, 1770, 8vo. Ed. 3, London, 1771, 8vo. 

 Ed. 4, London, 1777, 8vo. Ed. 5, London, 1793, 8vo. New 

 ed. with notes by Horace Walpole {i.e., his " Essay on Mod- 

 ern Gardening"), to which is added "An Essay on the Dif- 

 ferent Natural Situations of Gardens," by G. J. Parkyns. 

 London, 1801, 4to, ill. French trans., "L'Art de former les 

 Jardins modernes," with a preliminary discourse and notes, 

 by Francois de Paul Latapie. Paris, 1771, 8vo. (Anon.) 



1772. *Sir Wm. Chambers. — " A Dissertation on Oriental Gardening." 

 London, 4to. Ed. 2, enlarged. London, 1773, 4to. French 

 trans., " Dissertation sur le Jardinage dc 1'Orient." London, 

 1772, 4to. German trans., " Ueber Orientalische Garten- 

 kunst." Gotha, 1775, 8vo. 



1772. *Wm. Mason. — " The English Garden." A poem. London, 4to. 

 Ed. 2, London, 1773, 4to. Ed. 3, London, 177S. 4to. New 

 ed., with Commentary and Notes by W. Burgh. York-, 1783, 

 121110. French trans., "Le Jardin Anglois." Paris, 178S, 

 8vo. Another, "L'Art d'orner et d'embellir les Jardins." 

 Paris, 1792, 8vo. (Anon.) 



