April 23, 1890.] 



Garden and Forest. 



205 



by some of the best English growers. We have always found 

 that the greater extremes of drought and solar heat experienced 

 here at the resting period of the bulbs will be found sufficient 

 for ripening them, and that lifting them, besides the labor in- 

 curred, only produces artificial conditions which are un- 

 necessary and too often detrimental. 

 Passaic, N. J. -E. 0. Or/W. 



Endive. 



'"PHIS is an excellent winter salad, resembling the Dandelion 

 -*■ in habit of growth, and quickly grown from seed, which 

 should be planted about June 15th, and for a succession 

 at intervals until August 1st. Hot weather is unfavorable for 

 bleaching the plant, and cool nights and days up to November 

 are most favorable. The Green Curled gives the best satisfac- 

 tion. The Moss Curled is too tender; the Batavian too coarse. 

 Plant either in rows to be thinned, or in a bed for transplant- 

 ing. It bears transplanting well, but will grow where sown if 

 plants are thinned to one foot apart each way. It is a great 

 feeder, and well repays good care. When about ten inches 

 across the leaves should be gathered about the centre in an 

 upright position and tied with cotton cord wound three or 

 four times about the plant. 



There are other methods of bleaching, but none so quick, 

 sure and satisfactory as tying the plants as recommended 

 here, and I have discarded all others. The bleaching is com- 

 pleted in ten days or three weeks, as the weather is warm or 

 cold. The plants should then be lifted with a ball of earth and 

 brought into a light, cold cellar in fall, and set on the bottom in 

 sand, where they can be kept until New Year's or until wanted 

 for use. The white, crisp, slightly brittle leaves are pleasant 

 to the eye and the palate. 



Endive is a plant for the home garden, where it can be 

 grown as a second crop when transplanted after Peas, Beans 

 or other early vegetables. It should have sunlight for good 

 development, as it makes a small and infirm growth in shade. 



West Springfield, Mass. W- H. Bull. 



Where to Plant Tender Trees. — A beautiful and thrifty Deo- 

 dar Cedar, growing on a rocky, elevated site, suggests the 

 thought that many partly tender trees might be grown if planted 

 in situations where strong or late growths would not be made. 

 The tree above referred to has made little growth each year, 

 but this was sturdy and well ripened. It did not appear to have 

 suffered at all in any of the severe winters through which it 

 has passed. Many trees of doubtful hardiness would thrive 

 under the same treatment. A few years ago I saw a fine 

 specimen ol Magnolia grandiflor a growing on the hills of Rox- 

 borough, the coldest and highest part of Philadelphia. There 

 was no protection save that of a dwelling, which was on the 

 north side of it. It is well known that Peach and Apricot-trees 

 growing in hilly places are rarely killed back in winter, as many 

 are in rich, low ground. 



Germantown, Pa. Josepll Meefiail. 



Hybrid Perpetual Roses.— If I were asked to name twenty of 

 the best hardy Roses for out-door planting my list would be 

 the following: Jean Liabaud, Paul Neyron, Mrs. John Laing, 

 Ella Gordon, General Jacqueminot, General Washington, Alfred 

 Colomb, Compte de Paris, Beauty of Waltham, Gloire de Mar- 

 gottin, John Hopper, Madame Charles Wood, Marie Baumann, 

 Madame Masson, Madame Joseph Desbois, Queen of Autumn, 

 Ulrica Brunner, Jules Margottin, Lady Helen Stuart and 

 Eugene Furst. 



These are all plants of strong constitution and produce 

 magnificent blooms. The collection contains all the 

 range of colors found in the Hybrid Perpetual class, from the 

 light flesh tint of Madame Joseph Desbois to the velvety crim- 

 son of Jean Liabaud. _, 



Richmond, Ind. -&• Lr- Hill. 



Triteleia uniflora. — This charming little bulbous plant is 

 a native of Buenos Ayres, but it is quite hardy in the New 

 England States, where its pretty star-like flowers are freely 

 produced late in spring. They are borne singly on slender 

 stalks, well above the somewhat drooping linear-acuminate 

 leaves, which measure about one-eighth of an inch in width 

 and from five to seven inches in length. The flowers are 

 about an inch in diameter and of a delicate lilac color when 

 they expand, fading with age to pure white on the upper sur- 

 face. For a cool house it is a very effective pot plant during 

 winter and early spring, and with a little extra care it may be 

 induced to flower from the latter part of fall onward. In pot 

 culture about a dozen bulbs should be planted — in a six-inch 

 pot, using rich sandy soil — in September, and placed in a 

 shaded and unheated frame, where, with attention to watering, 



the free admission of air on favorable days and protection 

 from severe frost, they may remain until about two weeks 

 before they are wanted to bloom. On removal to a sunny 

 greenhouse, which affords sufficient artificial heat to exclude 

 frost, the flowers will speedily develop. By attention to the 

 offsets, which are freely produced every year, the stock of 

 bulbs may be rapidly increased. They should be planted in 

 the garden and allowed to attain full size before being used 

 for pot culture. 



Cambridge, Mass. B. 



Recent Publications. 



The Forests of North America. — II. 



Die Waldujigen von Nordamerika, ihre Holzarten, deren 

 Anbaufahigkeit und forstlicher Werth fur Europa im Allgc- 

 meinen tmd Deutschland insbesonders. Von Dr. Heinrich 

 Mayr. M. Rieger, Miinchen, 1890 (New York, Steiger & Co., 

 25 Park Place). 



It is in the description of individual species and their pro- 

 ducts that Dr. Mayr's learning and conscientiousness most 

 strikingly appear. For instance, his words about the Douglas 

 Spruce {Pseudotsuga taxifolid), just now the most interesting 

 of our trees to foreign foresters, fill more than twenty pages. 

 Its aspect as a feature in our western forests and the methods 

 employed in cutting it and transporting the wood are described 

 in the chapter devoted to these forests. Then, in the section 

 where each species is separately taken up, he describes its 

 botanical characteristics and mode of development ; its be- 

 havior under different conditions of climate, exposure and soil 

 is carefully noted and illustrated by comparative tables of fig- 

 ures ; the anatomical characteristics of the wood are exhaus- 

 tively discussed and tables are given comparing it with the 

 wood of the European Fir, Spruce and Larch ; and its par- 

 asitical enemies and their action are considered, the adapt- 

 ability of the tree to German forest-needs being of course 

 borne in mind throughout. And then, in the chapter where 

 the fitness of our trees to European conditions is especially 

 discussed, he comes back again to the Douglasia (as it is 

 called in Germany), and defines the stations which should 

 suit it best and the value it will probably have. " It is to be 

 expected," he says, " that the Douglasia, in so far as the 

 excellence of its wood is concerned, will become the ' Larch 

 of the level and low lands.'" When its wood is richest 

 in substance and heaviest, it comes near to that of the 

 European Larch ; when it is lightest it stands on an equality 

 with the best and heaviest Fir, Spruce and Pine-wood. "As 

 the value of wood for fuel and to a certain degree its 

 strength run parallel with its specific weight, the wood of the 

 Douglasia may be called superior to that of our native conifers 

 (the Larch excepted) in these qualities." Specific weight, he 

 adds, is less decisive with regard to durability, but from the 

 other factors which indicate this quality he concludes that " in 

 this respect likewise the Douglas Spruce stands on an equality 

 with the Larch." It is interesting to note that on comparing 

 the wood of this tree as supplied by a specimen grown near 

 Hamburg, in Germany, which was cut in 1882 at the age of 

 fifty-two years, having remained remarkably low in a fully ex- 

 posed situation, with the wood of a three-hundred-year-old 

 specimen from Oregon, he found the former heavier and 

 firmer in substance. The very best European stations for the 

 tree he decides to be the north-west coast of France, and then 

 Belgium, Holland and southern England, while neighboring 

 districts, like Ireland, Scotland, and those portions of Germany 

 which are directly influenced by the North Sea and the western 

 Baltic, should prove almost as good, and its range may be ex- 

 tended, as far as climate is concerned, throughout the whole 

 of Germany except its highest mountain regions. But he is 

 careful to note that for each given district seeds should be im- 

 ported from the proper American region, those trees grown 

 from seed collected in Montana being proof against frost but 

 slow-growing, while those from Oregon and Washington are 

 quick-growing, but susceptible to spring and autumn frosts. 

 Seeds from Colorado, he adds, which are recommended by 

 dealers as giving frost-proof trees for our Eastern States, are 

 not adapted to German use. "The plants are hardy, it is true, 

 but very slow-growing indeed." 



Dr. Mayr is careful to point out that the question whether 

 an exotic tree can be grown in a given part of Europe is by no 

 means the same as the question whether it will there serve 

 the purpose of the economic planter. It does not fall within 

 his province to discuss the value of such trees for park or 

 street planting, or as objects of beauty or interest in ornamen- 

 tal grounds. He concentrates his attention upon their ascer- 

 tained or possible serviceableness in the economic forest, 



